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两宋之际,河北一带的民众自发结集为巡社。巡社对内、对外两个方面的良好功效被部分官员所注意,最终导致官方介入巡社并成功将其收编。巡社由民间组织转而成为具有官方性质的地方武力,标志着宋廷承认民间自卫组织的合法地位,在宋代军制演变过程中有重要的象征意义。时隔不久,巡社又渐遭废罢,但在官方的监管下,地方亦有因地制宜设置巡社的实例。巡社的兴废与当时的军政动态紧密相关,反映出当时宋廷对待民间社会组织既利用又猜疑的复杂心态。制度兴废的背后实际隐藏着重要的政治隐微,赵宋王朝强干弱枝的政策着实影响深远。
On the occasion of the two Song dynasties, people in Hebei Province gathered spontaneously into tour agencies. The good effect of the tour on both the domestic and foreign sides was taken care of by some officials, eventually leading to the official involvement in the tour and the successful compilation of the news. The patrol agency was turned into a local force of an official nature by non-governmental organizations, marking Song’s recognition of the legal status of civil defense organizations. It has an important symbolic significance in the evolution of the military system in the Song Dynasty. Shortly after that, the tour agencies have been gradually abandoned. However, under the supervision of the government, there are also instances in which local agencies set up visits in line with local conditions. The revival of the tour agency was closely related to the dynamics of the military and administration at the time, reflecting the complex mentality of Song Dynasty’s use of both civil society organizations and suspicion. Behind the rise and waste of the system, there are actually hidden important political subtleties. The policy of strengthening the weak and weak branches in the Song and Song dynasties really has far-reaching effects.