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为了探求苹果短枝型品种(系)早期丰产的基础,我们连续两年以部分“元帅”系短枝型为试材,对其光合性能、光合产物的允配利用、材积、叶片着生角度、果枝类型等进行了调查和分析。结果表明:苹果短枝型光合面积大、叶片着生角度小(36～37度),扩大了叶面积系数的适宜范围,在树冠单位体积内所包含的叶面积相当普通型的两倍。同时短枝型光合能力强,光合产物的分配利用又较合理。普通型的光合产物多用于建造树体的骨架上,材积为短枝型的两倍多。短枝型骨干枝少面小,所以建造树体消耗的少、贮存的多,有利于花芽的形成和结果。调查证实:四年生“元帅”系短枝型品种(系),中果枝、短果枝和叶丛枝占果枝总数的80％,开花株率40～80％。而普通型相应为60％和0～10％。早期形成大量的中、短果枝,是苹果元帅系短校型早期丰产的直接原因。
In order to explore the basis of early sprouting of apple spur type (lines), we used part of “Marshal” spur type as test material for two years in a row. Its photosynthetic properties, utilization of photosynthetic products, volume, , Fruit branch type were investigated and analyzed. The results showed that apple spurlet photosynthetic area is large and leaf blade angle is small (36-37 degrees), which enlarges the suitable range of leaf area coefficient, which is twice as large as that in common crown type. At the same time spur type photosynthetic ability, distribution and utilization of photosynthetic products and more reasonable. Common types of photosynthetic products are used to build the skeleton of the tree, the volume of more than twice the spur type. Spur-type branches of small branches less surface, so the construction of the tree consume less, more storage, is conducive to the formation of flower buds and results. Investigation confirmed: four-year-old “Marshal” Department of short-spun-type varieties (lines), the middle branch, short branch and leaf branches accounted for 80% of the total number of fruiting branches, flowering plant rate of 40 to 80%. The ordinary type is 60% and 0 ~ 10%. The early formation of a large number of medium and short fruit branches, is the short-term Apple Marshal Department of the direct cause of early yield.