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遗传提高小麦净光合生产率是最经济有效最环境友好的粮食安全技术之一。小麦叶片是光合作用的主场。本文报道:⑴小麦叶片薄、窄、长,具平行叶脉,叶表有小刺,上下表皮上的气孔数目基本相等,气孔保卫细胞似不含叶绿体,气孔长径在50μm左右。⑵表皮=角质层+皮细胞层。上下表皮间夹裹着“中脉、叶肉、潜脉、脉”等组织。⑶潜脉周围全靠接着叶肉细胞。⑷叶肉细胞富含叶绿体。叶肉细胞有I细胞、H细胞、Y细胞、U细胞、羽管细胞、无定形细胞等不同形状,叶肉细胞的排列类似蜂巢。羽管细胞的形状及其中叶绿体的排布体现了比表面积最大及截光面积最大的构型特征。叶肉细胞占旗叶片总体积的60%多。⑸叶绿体呈铁饼形、均径约3.5μm。叶肉细胞每平方毫米内壁表面上排布着近10000个叶绿体。⑹叶肉细胞壁看似薄纸片。皮细胞壁看似卷层结构。保卫细胞壁看似韧皮。木质导管壁看似螺线管。
Genetically enhancing wheat net photosynthetic productivity is one of the most cost-effective and environment-friendly food security technologies. Wheat leaves are the home of photosynthesis. This paper reported: (1) The wheat leaves are thin, narrow, long and parallel to the veins. The leaf surface has small thorns and the numbers of stomata on the upper and lower epidermis are basically the same. The stomatal guard cells do not contain chloroplasts and the stomatal diameter is about 50μm. ⑵ epidermal = stratum corneum + dermal layer. Between the upper and lower epidermis wrapped “midrib, mesial, submarine vein ” and other organizations. ⑶ around the underlying vein followed by mesophyll cells. ⑷ mesophyll cells rich in chloroplasts. Mesophyll cells have I cells, H cells, Y cells, U cells, feather cells, amorphous cells and other shapes, mesophyll cells arranged in a honeycomb. The shape of the feather tube cells and its arrangement of chloroplasts reflected the configuration features with the largest specific surface area and the largest cross-sectional area. Mesophyll leaves accounted for more than 60% of the total volume of leaves. ⑸ chloroplast was discus-shaped, both about 3.5μm diameter. Nearly 10,000 chloroplasts are arranged on the inner wall surface of mesophyll cells per square millimeter. Mud cell wall looks like thin pieces of paper. Skin cell wall looks like a roll of structure. The cell walls look like bastards. Wood duct wall looks like a solenoid.