俗话说:人无头不走,鸟无头不飞。所谓“头”者,首脑、头领、领导也。可见领导问题古已有之。按照韦伯的理想组织模式,可将领导者分为三类:一类是凭借其天资及其独有的精神魅力来实施领导行为,也就是我们常说的领袖式的领导;另一类是封建家长式的领导,他独断专行,凌驾于他人之上,其他成员必须绝对服从,不得有些许微词;第三类是领导人在正当的权限范围内,依据法律和规章行使权力,使其他成员服从其领导。现代国家和现代企业大多奉行这种领导模式。虽然第三种领导行为较之前两种要民主得多,但仍属于权威主义的领导方式。赫滋伯格的“双因素理论”首次触及了管理学中领导行为这一 As the saying goes: People don’t leave their heads and birds fly without heads. The so-called “heads” are leaders, leaders, and leaders. It can be seen that the leadership problem has existed for a long time. According to Weber’s ideal organization model, leaders can be divided into three categories: one is the implementation of leadership by virtue of their natural resources and their unique spiritual charm, which is what we often say leader-type leadership; the other is the feudal The paternalistic leader, he is arbitrarily acting and dominating over others, other members must be absolutely obedient and must not be slightly distracted; the third category is that the leader exercises his authority in accordance with laws and regulations to oblige other members to obey his authority within the proper jurisdiction. leadership. Modern countries and modern enterprises mostly pursue this mode of leadership. Although the third kind of leadership behavior is much more democratic than the previous two, it still belongs to authoritarian leadership. Hertzberg’s “two-factor theory” touched on leadership in management for the first time