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热沉的换热性能直接影响空间冷环境的模拟效果。文章通过建立不锈钢板式热沉的几何结构模型,利用流体力学理论和有限元方法对板式热沉换热性能进行数值模拟。湍流计算采用RNG模型的k-ε方程,压力–速度耦合计算采用Simple算法,得到热沉壁面温度分布及换热特性参数,同时分析流速及进出口形式对热沉壁面温度均匀性及换热性能的影响。结果表明:较小的流速会导致热沉壁面温度均匀性变差,而流速的增加可以提高热沉的换热效率,但又会增加流体的压力损失。为保证热沉壁面温度分布均匀,需在综合考虑传热和阻力问题的基础上来确定最优的入口流速。当热沉有效尺寸较小时,则进出口布置形式不会影响板式热沉壁面温度的均匀性。
The heat transfer performance of heat sink directly affects the simulation effect of space cold environment. In this paper, the geometrical model of stainless steel plate heat sink is established, and the heat transfer performance of the plate heat sink is numerically simulated by using the theory of hydrodynamics and the finite element method. The k-ε equation of RNG model is adopted for the turbulence calculation and the Simple algorithm is used for the calculation of pressure-velocity coupling. The temperature distribution and heat transfer characteristics of the wall surface are obtained. The effects of flow velocity, inlet and outlet on the temperature uniformity and heat transfer performance Impact. The results show that the smaller the flow rate, the lower the temperature uniformity of the heat sink. The increase of the flow rate can increase the heat transfer efficiency of the heat sink, but increase the pressure loss of the fluid. In order to ensure uniform temperature distribution on the heat sink wall surface, the optimal inlet flow rate needs to be determined on the basis of comprehensive consideration of heat transfer and resistance. When the heat sink effective size smaller, then the layout of the import and export will not affect the plate heat sink wall temperature uniformity.