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目的探讨陕西省642例新生儿出生体重的影响因素,为降低低体重儿和巨大儿的发生率提供科学依据。方法选择2015年1-5月在陕西省人民医院住院分娩的642例进行回顾性调查。收集产妇一般情况、既往生育史、孕期生活状况及患病等资料,使用单因素方差分析、多因素广义线性回归进行统计分析。结果单因素分析显示,母亲是文化程度低、有自然流产史、有人工流产史、孕期有被动吸烟史、孕期患病的新生儿体重较低,孕期补充足量叶酸和性别为男性的新生儿体重较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素分析显示,母亲孕期接触二手烟、母亲有自然流产史和母亲孕期患病均等导致新生儿体重降低(β=-205.555;β=-210.675;β=-102.709,P均<0.05)。母亲是本科及以上学历和新生儿性别是男性的新生儿出生体重均较重(β=147.772,β=100.733,P均<0.05)。结论新生儿出生体重受多种因素影响。孕妇应提高自我孕期保健意识,采取健康的生活方式,加强孕期营养,定期进行产检,减少疾病的发生。
Objective To explore the influencing factors of birth weight in 642 newborns in Shaanxi Province, and to provide a scientific basis for reducing the incidence of low birth weight infants and huge infants. Methods From January to May 2015, 642 inpatients and births in Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Collect maternal general situation, past birth history, pregnancy status and illness and other data, using single factor analysis of variance, multi-factor generalized linear regression statistical analysis. Results Univariate analysis showed that mothers had low educational level, history of spontaneous abortion, history of induced abortion, passive smoking during pregnancy, low birth weight during pregnancy, newborns with enough folic acid during pregnancy and male gender The body weight was higher, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the mothers had a history of spontaneous abortion during the second trimester of pregnancy, the mothers had a history of spontaneous abortion and the equal status of their mothers in the first trimester resulted in a decrease in body weight (β = -205.555; β = -210.675; β = -102.709, P <0.05). Neonates with a bachelor’s degree or above in their maternal age and having a neonatal sex were all heavier at birth (β = 147.772, β = 100.733, P <0.05). Conclusion The newborn’s birth weight is affected by many factors. Pregnant women should improve self-awareness of health care during pregnancy, to adopt a healthy lifestyle, strengthen nutrition during pregnancy, regular check-ups to reduce the incidence of the disease.