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哥斯达黎加的贫富分化问题不如大多数拉美国家那么突出,这不仅是哥斯达黎加政治和经济制度独特发展进程的结果,而且与其种族构成和文化传统的历史成因直接相关。20世纪50～70年代,哥斯达黎加在发展经济的同时,兼顾社会公正,使利益的分配趋于公平。但近20年来,哥斯达黎加在经济稳定增长的情况下,收入分配状况不仅没有得到改善,反而有所恶化,造成这一现象的根源在于20世纪80年代后期开始实施的经济改革。通过分析哥斯达黎加两个不同经济发展阶段收入分配状况的变化,可以得出这样的结论:实现社会公正需要稳定而持久的经济增长作保障,但仅靠经济增长是不够的,政府应该在调节收入分配方面发挥主导作用。
The issue of the polarization between rich and poor in Costa Rica is less prominent than most Latin American countries, not only as a result of the unique development of Costa Rica’s political and economic system, but also directly related to the historical causes of its ethnic composition and cultural heritage. From the 1950s to the 1970s, while developing its economy, Costa Rica took into account social justice and made the distribution of benefits fair. However, in the past 20 years, with steady economic growth, Costa Rica not only failed to improve its income distribution but deteriorated its economy. The root cause of this phenomenon was the economic reforms that started in the late 1980s. By analyzing the changes in income distribution in Costa Rica at two different stages of economic development, we can conclude that the realization of social justice requires stable and sustained economic growth as a guarantee. However, economic growth alone is not enough. The government should adjust its income distribution Play a leading role.