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1. cast [kɑ：st]
? vt. 投;扔;抛;掷
The fisherman cast his net into the water. 渔夫把网撒到水里。
? vt. 投射（光、视线等）
Cast a shadow on the wall. 把影子投射到墙上。
He cast an eye at the woman. 他向那女人看了一眼。
? vt. 为（戏剧、角色）选派演员
Music talents from many different countries were cast. 来自不同国家的音乐人参加了试镜。
? n. [C] 投;抛
The fisherman caught a fish at his second cast. 渔夫撒下的第二网捕到一条鱼。
2. object [??bd?Ikt]
? n. [C] 物体
What is that dark object lying in the street？ 街上那个黑乎乎的东西是什么？
? n. [C] 目标;目的
What is your object in doing that？你那么做的目的是什么？
? v. 反对;不赞成
They objected that the schedule was too tight. 他们反对说日程安排得太紧。
object to sth. / object to doing sth. 反
对……
Why do some people object to human cloning？ 为什么有些人反对克隆人类？
We object to leaving him alone. 我们不赞成留下他一个人。
派生词
objection n. 反对;反对理由
Grey decided to move to the countryside and his wife made no objections to it. 格雷决定搬到乡下，他的妻子没反对。
objective adj. 客观的
She gives an objective report of what has happened. 她就发生的事情进行客观的报告。
3. obtain [?b?teIn] v.
? 得到;获得;实现
I finally managed to obtain a copy of the report. 我终于设法弄到了这份报告的一个副本。
obtain sth. for sb. 为某人取得某物
I obtained this record for you with difficulty. 我好不容易为你弄到了这张唱片。
? 存在;流行;通行
The practice still obtains in some areas of England. 这种做法在英格兰一些地区仍很流行。
派生词
obtainable adj. 可获得;可得到
Are his records still obtainable？ 他的唱片还能买到吗？
【试题链接】
A built-it-yourself solar still is one of the best ways to_______ drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available.
Key： obtain
4. owe [??] v.
? 欠（钱）;欠（债）;欠（账）
I m broke， Lucy， and I owe a couple of million dollars. 我破產了，露西，而且我欠了几百万美元的债。
owe sb. an apology 欠某人一个道歉
We ve discovered who the thief was， and it seems we owe you an apology. 我们已经发现小偷是谁了，看起来我们该向你道歉。
? 应把……归因（于）;应把……归功（于）
owe sth. to sb. 将某事物归因或者归功于……
He owed his survival to his strength as a swimmer. 他是因为水性好才幸免于难的。
? 感激;感恩
I owe my teachers and parents a great deal. 我深深感激师长和父母。
owe sth. （to sb.） （for sth.） 欠（某人）债
She still owes ￡3，000 to her father. 她还欠她父亲3000英镑。
派生词
owing adj. 欠着的;应付的
Five pounds is still owing. 仍欠5英镑。
owing to 由于;因为
Owing to the rain， the match was cancelled. 比赛因雨取消了。 【试题链接】
They ll throw down cash， half of what they_______ ， and then people like me， who don t drink， end up paying even more.
Key： owe
5. retire [rI?taI?（r）]
? v. （使）退休;退职;退役
My father retired at the age of 60. 我父亲六十岁时退休了。
短语：retire from 从……中退休
When Jim s uncle retired from the railway company， he was given a gold watch. 吉姆的伯父从铁路公司退休时得到一块金表。
? v. 退下;离开;退回
短语：retire to... 回到某个地方
After lunch he retired to his study. 他午饭后就到书房去了。
派生词
retirement n. 退休;退职;退役
She took to painting after retirement. 她退休后爱上了绘画。
【试题链接】
Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award， proud Irene declared she had no plans_______ from her 36-year-old business.
Key： to retire
6. bother [?b???（r）]
? vt. 烦扰;打扰
bother sb. about / with sth. 麻烦某人某事
Don t bother your father about it now. 现在先不要麻烦你的父亲。
bother to do 麻烦去做某事（常用于否定句）
He didn t even bother to say thank you. 他甚至连说一声谢谢都不肯。
can t be bothered to do 懒得去做;嫌麻烦不做
He could produce excellent work but usually he can t be bothered to do it. 他其实可以把工作做好，可他往往嫌费事而不干。
? n. 麻烦;焦虑
Oh， would you mind？ I hate to be a bother. 哦，你不介意吗？我不愿麻烦别人。
派生词
bothered adj. 烦恼的;感到焦虑的
It is a small matter; don t get so bothered. 这是小事，不要这样忧虑不安。
【试题链接】
—I can drive you home.
—Don t_______ ， but are you sure it s not too much trouble？
Key： bother
7. strike [straIk]
? vt. 击打;碰撞
The ship struck a rock. 船触礁了。
He struck the table with his fist. 他用拳头打桌子。
? vt. & n. 踢;击球
He walked up to the penalty spot and struck the ball firmly into the back of the net. 他走到罚球点，稳稳地把球踢入网内。
His spectacular strike in the second half made the score 2-0. 他在下半場令人叹为观止的一脚射门把比分改写为2-0。
? vi. & n. 突击;攻击;袭击
The lion crouched ready to strike. 狮子蹲身准备袭击。
They decided to launch a pre-emptive strike. 他们决定发动先发制人的攻击。
? vi. & n. 罢工
strike for sth. 为……而罢工
The union has voted to strike for a pay increase of 6%. 工会投票决定罢工，要求加薪6%。
on strike 罢工
Air traffic controllers are threatening to come out on strike. 空中交通管制员威胁要举行罢工。
? vt. （想法或念头）突然想到;一下子想起;给某人以……印象
An awful thought has just struck me. 一个可怕的念头刚才在我脑子里突然闪过。
strike sb. as sth. 给某人以……印象;让某人觉得
She strikes me as a very efficient person. 在我眼里，她是个很干练的人。 易混辨析
hit， knock， bang， strike与bump
以上各词均含用力碰撞、撞击之义。hit指碰撞、撞击，尤指造成损伤; knock指打掉、敲动、打破; bang指大声地猛敲、砸; strike指猛烈地撞、碰、撞击、碰撞; bump指无意地碰、撞。
【试题链接】
This combination of healing myself and healing the world_______ me as the perfect solution.
Key： struck
8. vain [veIn] adj.
? 徒劳的;枉然的;无结果的
I knocked loudly in the vain hope that someone might answer. 我敲门敲得很响，希望有人应声，却是徒然。
短语：in vain 枉费心机;徒劳无益;白费力气
All our efforts were in vain. 我们的所有努力都付诸东流了。
? 自负的;自视过高的
His modesty is all put on; at heart he is very vain. 他的谦逊全是假装的，内心里他很虚荣。
易混辨析
vain， abortive， fruitless与ineffective
这些形容词均有“未达到想要的结果”之意。vain指努力、希望、搜寻等未能获得想要的结果的;abortive指行动、计划等没有成功的;fruitless尤指付出很多努力却无成效的;ineffective侧重指人或事物未能发挥应有之作用的。
【试题链接】
Jeff searched_______ for Rosie in the next four days.
Key： in vain
9. resist [rI?zIst]
? v. 抵制;阻挡
They are determined to resist pressure to change the law. 他们决心顶住要求改革法律的压力。
短语：resist doing 抵制……
The bank strongly resisted cutting interest rates. 银行强烈反对降低利率。
? v. 反抗;回击;抵抗
He tried to pin me down， but I resisted. 他试图制服我，但我奋力反抗。
She was charged with resisting arrest. 她被控拒捕。
? v. （通常用于否定句）忍住;抵挡
I finished the cake. I couldn t resist it. 我忍不住把整块蛋糕都吃了。
短语：resist doing 忍住……
He couldn t resist showing off his new car. 他忍不住炫耀起了他的新车。
易混辨析
object， disagree与oppose
object语气强烈，指对某一具体做法、计划等表示反对，常后接介词to; disagree表示“反对，不同意”之意，指与他人在看法上有分歧，也指不赞同计划、行动等，常后接介词with;oppose表示“反对，阻碍”之意，指不赞同某一政策、计划等，含抵制或阻挠之意; resist表示“抗拒，反抗”之意，指拒绝作出改变或不屈从于外力而做某事。
【试题链接】
David Brooks， author of The Social Animal， The Hidden Sources of Love， Character， and Achievement， appears to be the latest in a long line of writers who have failed_______ the temptation.
Key： to resist
? vt. 投;扔;抛;掷
The fisherman cast his net into the water. 渔夫把网撒到水里。
? vt. 投射（光、视线等）
Cast a shadow on the wall. 把影子投射到墙上。
He cast an eye at the woman. 他向那女人看了一眼。
? vt. 为（戏剧、角色）选派演员
Music talents from many different countries were cast. 来自不同国家的音乐人参加了试镜。
? n. [C] 投;抛
The fisherman caught a fish at his second cast. 渔夫撒下的第二网捕到一条鱼。
2. object [??bd?Ikt]
? n. [C] 物体
What is that dark object lying in the street？ 街上那个黑乎乎的东西是什么？
? n. [C] 目标;目的
What is your object in doing that？你那么做的目的是什么？
? v. 反对;不赞成
They objected that the schedule was too tight. 他们反对说日程安排得太紧。
object to sth. / object to doing sth. 反
对……
Why do some people object to human cloning？ 为什么有些人反对克隆人类？
We object to leaving him alone. 我们不赞成留下他一个人。
派生词
objection n. 反对;反对理由
Grey decided to move to the countryside and his wife made no objections to it. 格雷决定搬到乡下，他的妻子没反对。
objective adj. 客观的
She gives an objective report of what has happened. 她就发生的事情进行客观的报告。
3. obtain [?b?teIn] v.
? 得到;获得;实现
I finally managed to obtain a copy of the report. 我终于设法弄到了这份报告的一个副本。
obtain sth. for sb. 为某人取得某物
I obtained this record for you with difficulty. 我好不容易为你弄到了这张唱片。
? 存在;流行;通行
The practice still obtains in some areas of England. 这种做法在英格兰一些地区仍很流行。
派生词
obtainable adj. 可获得;可得到
Are his records still obtainable？ 他的唱片还能买到吗？
【试题链接】
A built-it-yourself solar still is one of the best ways to_______ drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available.
Key： obtain
4. owe [??] v.
? 欠（钱）;欠（债）;欠（账）
I m broke， Lucy， and I owe a couple of million dollars. 我破產了，露西，而且我欠了几百万美元的债。
owe sb. an apology 欠某人一个道歉
We ve discovered who the thief was， and it seems we owe you an apology. 我们已经发现小偷是谁了，看起来我们该向你道歉。
? 应把……归因（于）;应把……归功（于）
owe sth. to sb. 将某事物归因或者归功于……
He owed his survival to his strength as a swimmer. 他是因为水性好才幸免于难的。
? 感激;感恩
I owe my teachers and parents a great deal. 我深深感激师长和父母。
owe sth. （to sb.） （for sth.） 欠（某人）债
She still owes ￡3，000 to her father. 她还欠她父亲3000英镑。
派生词
owing adj. 欠着的;应付的
Five pounds is still owing. 仍欠5英镑。
owing to 由于;因为
Owing to the rain， the match was cancelled. 比赛因雨取消了。 【试题链接】
They ll throw down cash， half of what they_______ ， and then people like me， who don t drink， end up paying even more.
Key： owe
5. retire [rI?taI?（r）]
? v. （使）退休;退职;退役
My father retired at the age of 60. 我父亲六十岁时退休了。
短语：retire from 从……中退休
When Jim s uncle retired from the railway company， he was given a gold watch. 吉姆的伯父从铁路公司退休时得到一块金表。
? v. 退下;离开;退回
短语：retire to... 回到某个地方
After lunch he retired to his study. 他午饭后就到书房去了。
派生词
retirement n. 退休;退职;退役
She took to painting after retirement. 她退休后爱上了绘画。
【试题链接】
Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award， proud Irene declared she had no plans_______ from her 36-year-old business.
Key： to retire
6. bother [?b???（r）]
? vt. 烦扰;打扰
bother sb. about / with sth. 麻烦某人某事
Don t bother your father about it now. 现在先不要麻烦你的父亲。
bother to do 麻烦去做某事（常用于否定句）
He didn t even bother to say thank you. 他甚至连说一声谢谢都不肯。
can t be bothered to do 懒得去做;嫌麻烦不做
He could produce excellent work but usually he can t be bothered to do it. 他其实可以把工作做好，可他往往嫌费事而不干。
? n. 麻烦;焦虑
Oh， would you mind？ I hate to be a bother. 哦，你不介意吗？我不愿麻烦别人。
派生词
bothered adj. 烦恼的;感到焦虑的
It is a small matter; don t get so bothered. 这是小事，不要这样忧虑不安。
【试题链接】
—I can drive you home.
—Don t_______ ， but are you sure it s not too much trouble？
Key： bother
7. strike [straIk]
? vt. 击打;碰撞
The ship struck a rock. 船触礁了。
He struck the table with his fist. 他用拳头打桌子。
? vt. & n. 踢;击球
He walked up to the penalty spot and struck the ball firmly into the back of the net. 他走到罚球点，稳稳地把球踢入网内。
His spectacular strike in the second half made the score 2-0. 他在下半場令人叹为观止的一脚射门把比分改写为2-0。
? vi. & n. 突击;攻击;袭击
The lion crouched ready to strike. 狮子蹲身准备袭击。
They decided to launch a pre-emptive strike. 他们决定发动先发制人的攻击。
? vi. & n. 罢工
strike for sth. 为……而罢工
The union has voted to strike for a pay increase of 6%. 工会投票决定罢工，要求加薪6%。
on strike 罢工
Air traffic controllers are threatening to come out on strike. 空中交通管制员威胁要举行罢工。
? vt. （想法或念头）突然想到;一下子想起;给某人以……印象
An awful thought has just struck me. 一个可怕的念头刚才在我脑子里突然闪过。
strike sb. as sth. 给某人以……印象;让某人觉得
She strikes me as a very efficient person. 在我眼里，她是个很干练的人。 易混辨析
hit， knock， bang， strike与bump
以上各词均含用力碰撞、撞击之义。hit指碰撞、撞击，尤指造成损伤; knock指打掉、敲动、打破; bang指大声地猛敲、砸; strike指猛烈地撞、碰、撞击、碰撞; bump指无意地碰、撞。
【试题链接】
This combination of healing myself and healing the world_______ me as the perfect solution.
Key： struck
8. vain [veIn] adj.
? 徒劳的;枉然的;无结果的
I knocked loudly in the vain hope that someone might answer. 我敲门敲得很响，希望有人应声，却是徒然。
短语：in vain 枉费心机;徒劳无益;白费力气
All our efforts were in vain. 我们的所有努力都付诸东流了。
? 自负的;自视过高的
His modesty is all put on; at heart he is very vain. 他的谦逊全是假装的，内心里他很虚荣。
易混辨析
vain， abortive， fruitless与ineffective
这些形容词均有“未达到想要的结果”之意。vain指努力、希望、搜寻等未能获得想要的结果的;abortive指行动、计划等没有成功的;fruitless尤指付出很多努力却无成效的;ineffective侧重指人或事物未能发挥应有之作用的。
【试题链接】
Jeff searched_______ for Rosie in the next four days.
Key： in vain
9. resist [rI?zIst]
? v. 抵制;阻挡
They are determined to resist pressure to change the law. 他们决心顶住要求改革法律的压力。
短语：resist doing 抵制……
The bank strongly resisted cutting interest rates. 银行强烈反对降低利率。
? v. 反抗;回击;抵抗
He tried to pin me down， but I resisted. 他试图制服我，但我奋力反抗。
She was charged with resisting arrest. 她被控拒捕。
? v. （通常用于否定句）忍住;抵挡
I finished the cake. I couldn t resist it. 我忍不住把整块蛋糕都吃了。
短语：resist doing 忍住……
He couldn t resist showing off his new car. 他忍不住炫耀起了他的新车。
易混辨析
object， disagree与oppose
object语气强烈，指对某一具体做法、计划等表示反对，常后接介词to; disagree表示“反对，不同意”之意，指与他人在看法上有分歧，也指不赞同计划、行动等，常后接介词with;oppose表示“反对，阻碍”之意，指不赞同某一政策、计划等，含抵制或阻挠之意; resist表示“抗拒，反抗”之意，指拒绝作出改变或不屈从于外力而做某事。
【试题链接】
David Brooks， author of The Social Animal， The Hidden Sources of Love， Character， and Achievement， appears to be the latest in a long line of writers who have failed_______ the temptation.
Key： to resist