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为探究水稻旱涝急转下先期旱胁迫与后期涝胁迫交互作用对产量造成的影响,于2016年在淮委水科院新马桥试验站开展了不同旱涝水平(受旱程度(50%~70%田持),受旱时间(5~15 d),受涝程度(50%~100%株高),受涝时间(5~9 d))的旱涝急转组,单旱组,单涝组,正常组平行对比形式的测桶试验。分析了不同旱涝组合形式下先旱与后涝互作效应的减产规律,进一步探究了旱涝互作对产量构成因素的影响。结果表明:通过旱涝急转组与正常组对比,重旱重涝组合减产30.3%,对产量最为不利,长时间重旱使总粒数削减30%左右,千粒质量与结实率均接近或高于正常组;旱涝急转组与单旱组对比,旱涝急转组(重涝)比单旱组产量削减程度增加30%以上,总粒数损失增加33.9%~35.2%,旱涝急转组(短期轻涝)比单旱组(长期重旱)千粒质量和结实率分别补偿33.6%和37.6%;旱涝急转组与单涝组对比,旱涝急转组(长期轻旱)比单涝组(长期重涝)产量补偿113.0%,旱涝急转组(重旱)比单涝组(重涝或长期轻涝)总粒数削减31.9%~33.7%,旱涝急转组(长期旱)比单涝组千粒质量和结实率分别补偿79.7%和118.4%。研究成果可为探究旱涝急转致灾机理及减灾措施提供参考。
In order to explore the impact of the interaction between pre-stage drought stress and post-flood waterlogging on the yield under drought-flood-drought conditions in rice, different drought and flood levels (drought level (50%) were tested at Xinmaqiao Experimental Station, ~ 70% Tianzhan), drought drought time (5 ~ 15 d), degree of waterlogging (50% ~ 100% plant height) and waterlogging time (5-9 d) , Waterlogging group, parallel to the normal group contrast test drum test. This paper analyzes the law of reduced yield of the interaction between drought and waterlogging under different combinations of drought and flood, and further explores the impact of drought-flood interaction on the yield components. The results showed that compared with the normal control group, the drought-flood-waterlogging combination reduced the yield by 30.3%, which was the most unfavorable to the yield. The long-time heavy drought reduced the total grain number by 30% Which was higher than that of the normal control group. Compared with the single drought treatment group, the flood and drought rapid change group (heavy waterlogging) increased more than 30% and the total grain loss increased by 33.9% -35.2% and drought and flood In short-term floods (short-term waterlogging), the one-thousand-long grain weight and seed setting rate were 33.6% and 37.6% Drought) than the single waterlogging group (long-term waterlogging) yield compensation of 113.0%, drought flood rapid group (heavy drought) than single waterlogging group (heavy waterlogging or long-term waterlogging) total grain number reduced by 31.9% to 33.7% Compared with the single waterlogging group, the grain quality and seed setting rate in the long-term drought group were 79.7% and 118.4% respectively. The research results can provide reference for exploring the mechanism of disaster-causing floods and disaster mitigation.