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【目的】了解铜陵市城区5岁以下儿童死亡原因及动态变化规律,探索可行性的干预措施。【方法】采用回顾性调查方法,对2006-2012年5岁以下儿童死亡监测资料进行分析。【结果】7年间,新生儿、婴儿及5岁以下儿童平均死亡率为3.26‰、5.17‰、7.07‰。婴儿死亡占5岁以下儿童死亡数的73.08%。先天异常、各类意外、早产和低出生体重是5岁以下儿童的主要死因。【结论】降低新生儿及婴儿死亡率是降低5岁以下儿童死亡率的关键。提高围生期保健质量和产科质量,采取出生缺陷干预措施,加强健康教育宣传,提高安全防范意识,普及简单有效的现场应急抢救技术等都是降低5岁以下儿童死亡率的有效措施。
【Objective】 To understand the causes of death and dynamic changes of children under 5 years of age in Tongling city and to explore feasible interventions. 【Methods】 A retrospective survey method was used to analyze the data of death monitoring of children under 5 years of age from 2006 to 2012. 【Results】 The average mortality rate of newborns, infants and children under 5 was 3.26 ‰, 5.17 ‰ and 7.07 ‰ in 7 years. Infant deaths accounted for 73.08% of all deaths of children under 5 years of age. Congenital anomalies, all types of accidents, premature birth and low birth weight are the leading causes of death in children under 5 years of age. [Conclusions] Reducing neonatal and infant mortality is the key to reducing mortality in children under five years of age. Improving perinatal health care quality and obstetric quality, adopting birth defects interventions, strengthening health education and publicity, raising awareness of safety precautions, and popularizing simple and effective on-site emergency rescue techniques are all effective measures to reduce the mortality rate of children under 5 years of age.