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低温是东北稻区常见的气象灾害。此试验以北方主栽粳稻品种‘辽星1号’和‘辽优5218’为试材,采用盆栽试验,人工控温在孕穗期、抽穗开花期进行低温胁迫,处理后立即测定叶片脯氨酸含量,成熟后调查植株和产量性状的变化,探讨生殖生长关键期低温伤害机理及叶片脯氨酸含量的变化在低温逆境中的作用。结果表明:植株性状中,株高在抽穗开花期对低温更敏感;穗抽出度则在孕穗期更敏感,穗抽出度与单株实粒数及结实率呈显著或极显著正相关,可作为抗性鉴定指标应用。产量性状中,穗粒数、单株实粒数、千粒重指标在孕穗期对低温更敏感。低温胁迫下,叶片脯氨酸含量随温度的降低、处理时间的延长而迅速上升‘,辽星1号’最大增加2.65倍‘,辽优5218’增加7.66倍。孕穗期低温‘,辽优5218’叶片脯氨酸含量与穗抽出度、单株实粒数及单株结实率呈显著负相关;抽穗开花期低温,两品种叶片脯氨酸含量与株高、单株实粒数及单株结实率均呈显著负相关,‘辽星1号’脯氨酸含量还与单株秕粒数呈极显著正相关。脯氨酸含量的变化是低温伤害程度的直观反映,把它单独作为抗性评价指标会有失真的可能。
Low temperature is a common meteorological disaster in the northeast rice area. In this experiment, the main cultivars of “Liaoxing 1” and “Liaoyou 5218” were cultivated in the northern part of China. Pot experiments were carried out to study the effect of low temperature stress at the booting and flowering stages at artificial booting stage. The proline content Content and maturity. The mechanism of hypothermia injury and the content of proline in leaves at critical period of reproductive growth were investigated in low temperature stress. The results showed that the plant height was more sensitive to low temperature at heading and flowering stage, while the spike extraction rate was more sensitive at booting stage. The spike extraction degree had a significant or very significant positive correlation with the seed number and seed setting rate Resistance identification index application. Yield traits, grain number per spike, grain number per plant, 1000-grain weight index at booting stage more sensitive to hypothermia. Under low temperature stress, the content of proline in leaves increased rapidly with the prolongation of treatment time, the maximum increase of LiaoXing 1 was 2.65 times, and that of Liaoyou 5218 increased 7.66 times. At the booting stage, the proline content in leaves of Liaoyou 5218 was negatively correlated with the spike extraction, grain number per plant and seed setting rate. The proline content in leaves of two varieties at heading and flowering stage was significantly correlated with plant height, There was a significant negative correlation between the number of seed per plant and the seed setting rate. The proline content of ’Liaoxing 1’ was also significantly and positively correlated with the number of per plant. Proline content changes is an intuitive reflection of the degree of damage caused by low temperature, it alone as a resistance evaluation index may be distorted.