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1前言新85系列柴油机广泛用于工业、农业、林业、建筑、交通运输和国防等部门。由于环境条件差别较大和使用要求不同,故对起动性能的要求较高。起动性能的好坏,直接影响发动机的整机性能。我国各地冬季气温大部分在0℃以下,北方一般达-25℃左右,在西北、东北及内蒙等边疆地区,冬季最低气温可达-25～-40℃以下,气温低给柴油机的起动带来了困难。燃油在低温下析蜡,甚至冻结不能流动;机油随温度下降而变稠,增加了起动阻力,降低了起动转速;起动用的蓄电池端电压也随着温度下降而降低,以致达不到起动所必须的功率;冷却水也会结冰而引起机件冻裂等。
1 Introduction The new 85 series diesel engines are widely used in industry, agriculture, forestry, construction, transportation and defense and other departments. Due to the large differences in environmental conditions and the use of different requirements, so the starting performance requirements are higher. Starting performance is good or bad, a direct impact on engine performance. Winter temperatures in most parts of China are below 0 ℃, the north is generally about -25 ℃, in the northwest, northeast and Inner Mongolia and other border areas, the minimum temperature in winter up to -25 ~ -40 ℃ below the low temperature to the diesel engine to bring Difficulties. Oil waxing at low temperatures, or even freeze can not flow; oil with the temperature drop and thickening, increasing the starting resistance, reducing the starting speed; start with the battery terminal voltage decreases as the temperature drops, so as not to reach the starter Necessary power; cooling water will freeze and cause mechanical frost cracking.