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[说明]中国商业的发展渊源悠长,但在长期封建社会中,自给自足的自然经济基础极为牢固,加之历代统治王朝实行重农抑商政策,商业的发展毕竟是有限的。鸦片战争后,外国商品大量入侵,自然经济基础被破坏,随着资本主义经济的发展,商业发生了很大变化。到抗日战争前,据吴承明同志估计,全国国内市场交易总额约有150亿元左右,民族商业的资本量约比民族工业的资本量大两倍。可是,旧中国统计资料奇缺,这在商业方面情况尤为突出。我们试图从过去零星片断的调查统计中,辑录一些可供研究参考的数字。先从具体的重要商品着手,然后再做一般概况的综合整理。
[Explanation] The development of Chinese commerce has a long history, but in the long-term feudal society, the natural economic foundation for self-sufficiency is extremely solid. In addition, the successive dynasties adopted the policy of cherishing agriculture and suppressing commerce, and the development of commerce has been limited. After the Opium War, a large number of foreign commodities invaded and the natural economic foundation was destroyed. With the development of the capitalist economy, great changes have taken place in commerce. Before the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Comrade Wu Chengming estimated that the total amount of domestic domestic market transactions was about 15 billion yuan, and the amount of capital for ethnic businesses was about two times larger than that of national industry. However, the old Chinese statistics are scarce, which is particularly prominent in the commercial context. We have tried to compile some figures that can be used for research purposes from the survey statistics of past sporadic fragments. Start with specific important commodities, and then do a comprehensive overview of the general profile.