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Agency, leers ability to act on their own leing through actively utilizing the resources and affordances in the leing environment, is of paramount importance to their success in language leing, especially within the online leing environment in a world confronting COVID-19. This paper illustrates the concept of agency from a sociocultural perspective, discusses factors that affect agency development in language leing, and proposes five teaching principles that promote leer agency for teachers designing language lessons online and offline.