提高国民素质是我国 21世纪发展战略中的重大的问题。鸦片战争以前中国鲜有理科知识分子。生产力不发达，手工技艺没有地位。与西方接触学到了机械，但却被视作“奇技淫巧”。现在我们或多或少地有走到另一个极端的苗头，只重器物不重人，只重那些马上就能转变成物质的知识和技 Improving the quality of the Chinese nation is a major issue in the development strategy for the 21st century in our country. There were few scientific intellectuals in China before the Opium War. Productivity is underdeveloped, artisanal skills have no place. Learning mechanical contact with the West, but was treated as “miraculous trickery.” Now we are more or less going to another extreme signs, only heavy objects not heavy people, only those who can immediately be transformed into material knowledge and skills