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目的探讨某颜料厂镉职业接触者尿镉、尿β_2-微球蛋白(β_2-MG)的含量、超标率以及影响因素。方法将该厂在职员工尿镉、尿β_2-MG含量进行描述分析。结果共对114名镉接触人员进行调查,其中男性78人、女性36人,年龄25~54岁,平均年龄为(39.2±6.5)岁,工龄0.25~4.08年,平均工龄为(2.78±1.08)年。调查对象中尿镉检测范围为0.02~18.79μg/g Cr,平均值为(3.83±3.44)μg/g Cr,尿β_2-MG范围为0.04~3.16 mg/g Cr,平均值为(0.28±0.38)mg/g Cr。不同年龄调查对象的尿镉检测值差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01),尿β_2-MG检测结果在各组间的差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。尿镉、尿β_2-MG超标率分别为22.8%、3.51%。不同年龄和不同工龄调查对象的尿镉超标率差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01),尿β_2-MG超标率在各组间的差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论某颜料厂镉职业接触者存在尿镉超标情况,工龄、年龄是尿镉超标的主要影响因素。
Objective To investigate the contents of cadmium and urinary β_2-microglobulin (β_2-MG), the over-standard rate and the influencing factors in occupational exposure to cadmium in a pigmented factory. Methods The urinary cadmium and urinary β_2-MG contents of the employees in the factory were described and analyzed. Results A total of 114 cadmium exposed workers were surveyed, including 78 males and 36 females, aged from 25 to 54 years with an average age of (39.2 ± 6.5) years and a working age of 0.25 to 4.08 years with an average length of service of (2.78 ± 1.08) year. The urinary cadmium detection ranged from 0.02 to 18.79 μg / g Cr, with an average of 3.83 ± 3.44 μg / g Cr and urine β_2-MG ranging from 0.04 to 3.16 mg / g Cr with an average of 0.28 ± 0.38 ) mg / g Cr. There were significant differences in urinary cadmium test values between different age groups (P <0.01), while urinary β_2-MG test results showed no significant difference among the groups (P> 0.05). Urinary cadmium, urinary β_2-MG over-rates were 22.8%, 3.51%. There were significant differences in urinary cadmium exceeding standard rate among all subjects of different ages and different ages (all P <0.01). There was no significant difference in urinary β_2-MG excess rate between the two groups (all P> 0.05). Conclusion Excess urine cadmium exists in occupational exposure to cadmium in a pigment factory. The length of service and age are the main influencing factors of excessive urinary cadmium.