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一 土壤蒸发 土壤蒸发就是土壤水分以气体形式向近地层大气的扩散过程。它是土壤中有效水分消耗的主要途径。群众称之謂“跑墒”。 土壤水分蒸发的速度和强度与土壤本身的物理特性和近地层大气物理条件有关。显然,土壤本身的湿度状况是影响土壤蒸发的决定性因子。苏联土壤学家П.С.柯索維奇(一九○四年)提出了土壤蒸发三阶段的理論。他认为:第一阶段是在土壤很湿的情况下,蒸发速度接近于一个常数,近似于水面蒸发;当土壤湿度减小(土壤变干)时,即进入第二阶段,表現出蒸发速度迅速减小,
A soil evaporation Soil evaporation is the soil moisture in the form of gas to the formation near the atmosphere of the diffusion process. It is the main source of effective water consumption in the soil. The masses call it “running moisture.” The speed and intensity of soil moisture evaporation are related to the physical properties of the soil itself and the atmospheric physical conditions of the near-surface layer. Obviously, the humidity of the soil itself is the decisive factor affecting soil evaporation. Soviet soil scientist П.С. Košovich (1940) proposed a three-stage theory of soil evaporation. He argues that in the first stage, when the soil is wet, the evaporation rate is close to a constant, which approximates evaporation of the water surface. When the soil moisture decreases (the soil dries), it enters the second stage and shows rapid evaporation Reduce,