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通过田间观测和室内分析,对来自全国各生态地区的261份小麦优异种质资源在陕西杨凌连续三年进行了农艺性状鉴定及综合评价。结果表明,在这些小麦种质材料中,千粒重、株高的变异系数较低,育种时容易选择。性状相关分析表明,随着穗长的增长以及穗粒数和千粒重的增加,穗粒重有增加的趋势;随着穗长的增长,株高有增加的趋势;株高的增加有助于增加穗粒数,但千粒重随之下降。另外,从这些小麦种质中筛选出适应本生态条件、综合性状好的材料22份,其中大穗、大粒类3份,优质类8份,抗病类4份,矮秆类1份,多穗多粒类2份,早熟类3份,抗寒类1份。
Through field observation and laboratory analysis, 261 elite germplasm resources from different ecoregions in China were appraised on agronomic traits for three consecutive years in Yangling, Shaanxi. The results showed that among these wheat germplasm materials, the variation coefficient of 1000-grain weight and plant height was low, which was easy to choose when breeding. The correlation analysis of traits showed that the spikelet weight tended to increase with the increase of spike length and the increase of grains per spike and 1000-grain weight. The plant height increased with the spike length increasing. The increase of plant height was helpful to increase Spike grain number, but the decline of 1000 grain weight. In addition, 22 wheat germplasms selected from these wheat germplasms were screened for their good ecological properties. Among them, 22 were large spikelets, large grains, 8 high-quality cultivars, 4 resistant cultivars, 1 dwarf plant, and more Spike multi-grain 2, precocious 3, 1 cold-resistant class.