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根据氧化物对酸和碱的关系,氧化物可分为酸性氧化物,碱性氧化物,两性氧化物和惰性氧化物四类。而每一类各有其最典型的化学特征。引起氧化物性质上差异的原因一般采用离子间的极化作用来解释。现以 RO 型氧化物为例来说明。在 RO 型氧化物中,R 原子的种类对氧化物的性质起决定性的作用,如 R 是金属性很强的元素则其为碱性氧化物,如 R 是非金属性较强的元素则为酸性氧化物,如 R 为某些金属性不很强的元素(锌、铝等)则为两性氧化物,如 R 为碳或氮等少数元素则为惰性氧化物。
According to the relationship between oxides and acids and bases, oxides can be divided into acidic oxides, basic oxides, amphoteric oxides and inert oxides. Each category has its most typical chemical features. The reason for the difference in the properties of the oxide is generally explained by the polarization between the ions. Now RO oxide as an example to illustrate. In the RO type oxide, the type of R atom plays a decisive role on the properties of the oxide, such as R is a very metallic element is a basic oxide, R is a non-metallic element is more acidic Oxides, such as R for some metal is not very strong elements (zinc, aluminum, etc.) are amphoteric oxide, such as R is carbon or nitrogen and other small elements are inert oxides.