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本文在总结国内外流域水资源分配制度理论与实践的基础上,明确流域水量分配的主客体,阐述流域水量分配与相关水资源管理政策的相互关系。总结分析目前我国现有制定流域水量分配方案的特点及实践中存在的问题,将权、责、利相统一作为流域水量分配遵循的基本原则之一,建议流域分配水量中应扣除地下水袭夺地表水量,合理调配流域地表地下水。通过引入用水存量和用水增量概念,提出以存量体现公平,增量体现效率的一种分水思路。针对不同分水方案的公平性、效率性,提出一种评价模式可为区域协商与政府决策提供参考依据。
On the basis of summarizing the theory and practice of basin water resources allocation system both at home and abroad, this paper clarifies the object and object of basin water resources allocation and elaborates the interrelationship between water resources allocation and related water resources management policies. At the same time, the author summarizes and analyzes the characteristics and practical problems existing in the current formulation of basin water allocation plan in our country. It takes the unification of right, responsibility and benefit as one of the basic principles for the allocation of water volume in the basin. It is suggested that the surface water distribution The amount of water and the reasonable allocation of surface groundwater in the basin. By introducing the concepts of water stock and water increment, this paper presents a water division idea which reflects the equity in stock and the incremental reflects the efficiency. According to the fairness and efficiency of different water diversion schemes, an evaluation model is proposed to provide reference for regional consultation and government decision-making.