天麻为兰科树兰亚科天麻族天麻亚族植物天麻的干燥块茎。异名有赤箭、赤箭芝、独摇芝、离母、合离草、神草、鬼督邮、木浦、明天麻、定风草、白龙皮等。迄今全世界己发现该属植物约有三十余种:中国已发现有六个品种。全国大部分地区都有分布,以贵州西部、四川南部及云南东北部所产为品质优良的地道药材。为多年生食菌性草本植物,全株不含叶绿素,无根,生于腐殖质较多而湿润 Gastrodia ornithocarpus Tianma sub-genus Tianma sub-plant Tianma dry tubers. Synonyms are red arrow, red arrow Chi, independence shake Zhi, from the mother, from the grass, God grass, ghost post, Mokpo, tomorrow Ma, set wind grass, white dragon skin and so on. So far the world has found about thirty genus plants: China has found six varieties. Most parts of the country are distributed to western Guizhou, southern Sichuan and northeastern Yunnan produced for the quality of authentic herbs. For perennial herbivorous herbaceous plants, the whole plant does not contain chlorophyll, no roots, was born in humus and more moist