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国内关于审美心理结构的研究较多地采用以普通心理要素分析为主的方法,即对感觉、知觉、想象、情感和理解等心理要素在审美经验中各自的功能进行分析。这种方法的优点在于可利用普通心理学的现成材料,而且也较简便。但是,这种方法却很难把握审美心理结构的系统特征。审美心理是复杂的,审美能力具有高度的综合性质。对此,康德已指出,审美鉴赏是诸心理功能协调自由的活动,这种观点启发我们用系统的观点和方法去把握审美能力的结构。事实上,感觉、知觉、想象、情感等心理要素不能被简单地归属于认识的、实践的或审美的,没有专门从事数学计算的想象力,也没有专门从事音乐欣赏的听觉。某一心理要素之所以在不同的活动中呈现出不同的特征,主要是由于它与其它心理要素之间的不同结构关系。因此,本文主要从这种复杂而独特的结构出发,着重揭示它的系统功能的特征,并找到这些独特功能的互相关系。本文就试图从功能的角度来描述审美能力的结构。
The domestic research on the aesthetic psychology structure mostly adopts the method of analyzing the ordinary psychological elements, that is, analyzing the respective functions of psychological elements in the aesthetic experience such as sensation, perception, imagination, emotion and understanding. The advantage of this method is that ready-made materials of ordinary psychology can be used, and also more convenient. However, this method is very difficult to grasp the systematic features of the aesthetic psychology structure. Aesthetic psychology is complex, aesthetic ability has a high degree of comprehensive nature. In this regard, Kant has pointed out that aesthetic appreciation is the coordination of all psychological functions of freedom of movement, this view inspired us to use systematic perspectives and methods to grasp the structure of aesthetic ability. In fact, the psychological elements of sensation, perception, imagination and emotion can not be simply attributed to cognitive, practical or aesthetic, there is no imagination that specializes in mathematical calculation, nor auditory music specializing in music appreciation. The reason why a certain psychological element presents different characteristics in different activities is mainly due to its different structural relationship with other psychological elements. Therefore, this article mainly from this complex and unique structure, highlighting the characteristics of its system functions, and find the relationship between these unique features. This article attempts to describe the structure of aesthetic ability from a functional point of view.