[Objective] To optimize the supercritical CO2 extraction process of anthraquinones from Rheum palmatum L. and provide references for exploring new extraction technologies of traditional Chinese medicine. [Method] On the basis of single factor test, the extraction conditions were optimized through the orthogonal test. [Result]The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: static extraction duration of 30 min, dynamic extraction duration of 15 min, absolute ethanol dosage of 2.0 ml, extraction temperature of 50 ℃, extraction pressure of 30 Mpa and CO2 flow rate of 6 ml/min. The yield of anthraquinones from Rheum palmatum L. reached as high as 1.12% under the optimal extraction conditions. [Conclusion] The optimum extraction conditions of anthraquinones from RADIX et RHIZOMA RHEI were obtained in this study, which would provide references for exploring new extraction process of traditional Chinese medicine. [Objective] To optimize the supercritical CO2 extraction process of anthraquinones from Rheum palmatum L. and provide references for exploring new extraction technologies of traditional Chinese medicine. [Method] On the basis of single factor test, the extraction conditions were optimized through the orthogonal test The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: static extraction duration of 30 min, dynamic extraction duration of 15 min, absolute ethanol dosage of 2.0 ml, extraction temperature of 50 ° C, extraction pressure of 30 Mpa and CO2 flow rate of 6 ml / min. The yield of anthraquinones from Rheum palmatum L. reached as high as 1.12% under the optimal extraction conditions. [Conclusion] The optimum extraction conditions of anthraquinones from RADIX et RHIZOMA RHEI were obtained in this study, which would provide references for exploring new extraction process of traditional Chinese medicine.