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二十世纪初叶所作的统计研究显示,高血压和低血压似乎都有增加死亡的危险性。在传染病引起的死亡比率减少后,血压与死亡率的关系更为突出。收缩压和舒张压即使稍为超越一般平均值,其死亡率即较高。不仅如此,这种血压和死亡率的相关关系并延伸至认可的正常血压范围以内,血压最低者的死亡率也最低。美国1962年的调查,估计约有26,000,000人(约占成年居民的20％)患有高血压或高血压性心脏病,或两者兼有。连贯性长期随防的人群研究,例如Fra-
Statistical studies conducted in the early twentieth century showed that both hypertension and hypotension appear to increase the risk of death. After the proportion of deaths caused by infectious diseases has decreased, the relationship between blood pressure and mortality has become even more prominent. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, even slightly above the average, is higher. Not only that, but the relationship between blood pressure and mortality has been extended to an acceptable normotensive range, with the lowest blood pressure being the lowest. In the 1962 survey of the United States, an estimated 26 million people (about 20% of adult residents) had hypertension or hypertensive heart disease, or both. Persistent long-term follow-up population studies, such as Fra-