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棉花是鲁北平原种植的重要经济作物,合理利用微咸水和咸水资源是解决棉花季节干旱问题的重要途径。通过田间小区试验,以淡水滴灌处理为对照,设置不同盐分梯度的咸水滴灌处理,研究2种类型咸水滴灌对棉田土壤水分和盐分的分布影响以及棉花产量的响应。结果表明,咸水滴灌条件下主要影响棉田40~100 cm土壤水分的变化,碳酸氢钠型和氯化钠型咸水处理对土壤含水量的影响没有显著差异。利用EC值低于8 d S·m~(-1)的咸水进行补灌,棉田0~40 cm土壤盐分积累不明显,灌溉水EC值为10 d S·m~(-1)的氯化钠型咸水灌溉在0~100 cm土壤盐分有明显的积累。滴灌补灌EC值不大于6 d S·m~(-1)的碳酸氢钠型咸水和不大于8 d S·m~(-1)的氯化钠型咸水对棉花产量没有明显的影响,滴灌补灌7 d S·m~(-1)碳酸氢钠型和10 d S·m~(-1)氯化钠型咸水明显降低棉花产量。从土壤盐分的积累和棉花产量来看,在鲁北平原可以利用6 d S·m~(-1)咸水滴灌对棉花进行补灌;利用咸水滴灌,要同时考虑灌溉水盐分的数量和盐分组成,碳酸氢钠型咸水要更加谨慎利用。
Cotton is an important cash crop grown in the Lubei Plain. The rational use of brackish and brackish water resources is an important way to solve the seasonal drought in cotton. Through field plot experiment, freshwater drip irrigation was used as a control, salt water drip irrigation with different salt gradient was set up to study the influence of two types of brackish water drip irrigation on the distribution of soil moisture and salinity and the cotton yield. The results showed that under saltwater drip irrigation conditions, soil water content in the 40-100 cm soil layer of cotton field was mainly affected. However, the effects of sodium bicarbonate and sodium chloride saltwater treatments on soil water content were not significantly different. The salt water with EC value less than 8 dS · m -1 was used to supplement the soil water. The accumulation of salinity in 0-40 cm soil of cotton field was not obvious and the EC of irrigation water was 10 d S · m -1 Sodium salinity water irrigation in the 0 ~ 100 cm soil salinity obvious accumulation. Sodium bicarbonate saline water with EC value no more than 6 d S · m -1 and sodium chloride saline water with no EC value greater than 8 d S · m -1 had no obvious effect on cotton yield The effects of drip irrigation for 7 d S · m -1 sodium bicarbonate and 10 d S · m -1 sodium chloride saltwater significantly decreased cotton yield. According to the accumulation of soil salinity and cotton yield, 6 dS · m -1 saline drip irrigation can be used to supplement cotton in the Lubei Plain. With saline drip irrigation, the amount of irrigation salt and water and Salt composition, sodium bicarbonate-type salt water to be more cautious use.