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自20世纪九十年代以来,我国所有制结构变动中,城镇集体所有制经济无论 是企业数量还是从业人员数量,下降幅度都是最大的。这种状况,与社会主义初级阶段的 基本经济制度很不相称;与集体经济作为社会主义公有制经济重要组成部分的社会地位 很不相称;与集体经济历史上曾经有过的辉煌很不相称。究其原因,是曾经误读了马克思 关于“向集体所有制过渡”的著名论述。其中涉及,采用合作社作为过渡形式会有多长时 间,合作社的性质怎样,合作社可否作为我国发展城镇集体经济的参照系等。这些都直接 关系到从计划集体经济到市场集体经济的转制。
Since the 1990s, in the changes of the ownership structure in our country, the collective ownership economy in cities and towns has the largest drop in both the number of enterprises and the number of employees. This situation is not commensurate with the basic economic system in the primary stage of socialism, nor with the social status of the collective economy as an important part of the socialist public-owned economy. It is not commensurate with the glory once enjoyed in the history of collective economy. The reason for this is that Marx once misread Marx’s famous exposition on the “transition to collective ownership.” It covers how long it takes to adopt cooperatives as a transitional form, what is the nature of cooperatives, and whether cooperatives can serve as the frame of reference for the development of urban collective economy in our country. These are directly related to the transformation from the planned collective economy to the market collective economy.