目的调查研究医学论文作者署名和作者单位标注问题,探索合法、合理、合情的署名和标注方法及措施。方法选择国家安监总局主管的医学杂志为研究对象,开展问卷调查,对获取数据进行统计描述及分析,并结合相关理论和文献开展综合研究。结果 1 333篇学术论文,有署名作者4 037名,每篇论文有作者1~13名不等,篇平均3名作者;合格问卷署名作者2 788名,其中符合作者资格的有1 453名,占52.0%;第一作者754名,符合作者资格者643名,占85.2%;通讯作者353名中,有323名合格,占91.0%。结论遵守国家法律、法规和业内规范,坚持合法、合理、合情行为的理念,是解决医学期刊论文作者署名和单位标注问题的根本保障。 Objective To investigate the author’s signature of authorship of medical papers and the annotation of authors’ units, and to explore the legal, reasonable and affirmative methods and measures of signatures and labeling. Methods The medical magazines under the State Administration of Work Safety were selected as the research objects, questionnaires were conducted, the data were statistically described and analyzed, and a comprehensive study was carried out based on relevant theories and documents. Results A total of 1 333 academic papers, including 4 037 authors and 1 ~ 13 authors each with an average of 3 authors and 2 788 authors, were eligible for authorship, of which 1 453 were eligible. Accounting for 52.0%; the first author 754, 643 qualified authors, accounting for 85.2%; of the 353 correspondents, 323 qualified, accounting for 91.0%. Conclusion Complying with the concepts of national laws, regulations and industry standards and adhering to the principle of lawfulness, reasonableness and conformity is the fundamental guarantee to solve the problem of the author’s signature and unit’s annotation of medical journal articles.