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摘要[目的]针对传统常规施肥存在肥料利用率低、用工量大的问题,研究柑橘水肥一体化技术对产量和效益的影响,以达到节肥、省工、增效的目的。[方法]以广西壮族自治区柳州市柳城县种植的早熟温州蜜柑(宫川)、柳城蜜橘、沙糖橘为试材,采用配方肥与滴灌结合的水肥一体化施肥方式,统计不同处理对产量和效益的影响。[结果]采用水肥一体化不同施肥处理,与对照相比,处理①、处理②、处理③化肥使用成本分别下降了55.04%、39.96%和24.98%,人工成本下降了68.89%,产量则有较大幅度的增加。其中,以处理②效果最佳。[结论]传统常规施肥存在肥料利用率低、浪费大、用工多的问题。采用水肥一体化技术是一个较好的解决途径。
关键词柑橘;滴灌;配方施肥;水肥一体化
中图分类号S666文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611(2014)14-04266-03
Effects of Water and Fertilizer Integration on Yield and Benefit of Citrus
YANG Peili, TANG Zhipeng et al(Agricultural College of Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004)
Abstract[Objective] Aiming at the problems of low fertilizer utilization rate and large amount of labor by the traditional fertilization technique, the effects of yield and benefit on the citrus were studied by integration technology of water and fertilizer, which achieved the purpose of the saving fertilizer and work, and the increasing efficiency. [Method] As the test materials of the precocious Gongchuan mandarin, Liucheng tangerine and Satang tangerine in Liucheng County, Liuzhou City, Guangxi Province, the effects of yield and benefit of different treatments were counted up by the technology of the formula fertilizer combined with drip irrigation. [Result] By the technology of the formula fertilizer combined with drip irrigation, compared with the control, fertilizer use cost of treatment①, treatment② and treatment③ decreased by 55.04%, 39.96% and 24.98% respectively, labor costs decreased by 68.89%, production has greatly increased. Among them, the best effect was treatment ②. [Conclusion] Using the traditional fertilization technique had the problems of low fertilizer utilization rate and large amount of labor, a better solution way was used by the technology of the formula fertilizer combined with drip irrigation.
Key wordsCitrus;Drip irrigation;Formula fertilization;Integration of water and fertilizer
柑橘是我國果树产业中大产业之一,其栽培面积和产量均居世界第一位。柑橘产业的快速发展对我国农民增收和农村经济发展起较大的促进作用。但是,柑橘传统栽培管理技术已不能适应现代新技术发展的需要。对传统栽培管理技术进行改革是柑橘栽培管理技术研究的重要课题之一。传统栽培管理技术中存在施肥次数多、施肥总量多、用水多、用工多、肥料和水的利用率低的问题。针对这一主要问题,已有在果树上从滴灌技术、配方施肥、肥水耦合技术等方面的研究报道[1-4],但大多从单一因子进行研究,从综合性方面进行研究尚未见报道。笔者探索了减少施肥总量和施肥次数,把配方施肥与滴灌技术起来,实现水肥一体化的栽培管理技术,达到节肥、省工、增效的目的,为生产上柑橘栽培管理技术提供参考依据。
1材料与方法
3结论与讨论
(1)与对照相比,处理①、处理②、处理③化肥使用成本分别下降了55.04%、39.96%和24.98%,人工成本下降了68.89%,产量则有较大幅度增加。试验结果表明,传统常规施肥存在肥料利用率低、浪费大、用工多的问题。采用水肥一体化技术是一个较好的解决途径。
(2)肥水耦合是指水分和肥料二者之间的相互作用对植物生长及其利用效率的影响。这是对传统施肥技术的重要改良。它可以做到以肥调水、以水促肥、肥水协调,是提高肥水利用效率、减少环境污染、实现农业增收、节支的关键技术。以往对大田作物的肥水耦合技术和效果研究较多,但在柑橘等果树上的应用研究少有报道[3]。该研究采用配方肥结合滴灌的施肥方式,确实起到肥水协调、提高产量的作用。
参考文献
[1] 徐淑君,吴雪梅,任铮,等.滴灌技术对柑橘生长效应的研究[J].南方农业,2008,2(7):7-9.
[2] 郁恩,香韩芳.葡萄配方施肥技术[J].现代农业科技,2011(16):128-130.
[3] 安华明,黄伟,樊卫国,等.肥水耦合对柑橘树体营养状况的影响[J].山地农业生物学报,2008,27(1):76-78.
[4] 君广斌,曹群虎,查养良.果园平衡配方施肥技术[J].陕西农业科学,2009(2):188-190.
[5] 君广斌,曹群虎,查养良.红地球葡萄精细配方施肥技术研究[J].种业导刊,2008(6):34-35.
关键词柑橘;滴灌;配方施肥;水肥一体化
中图分类号S666文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611(2014)14-04266-03
Effects of Water and Fertilizer Integration on Yield and Benefit of Citrus
YANG Peili, TANG Zhipeng et al(Agricultural College of Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004)
Abstract[Objective] Aiming at the problems of low fertilizer utilization rate and large amount of labor by the traditional fertilization technique, the effects of yield and benefit on the citrus were studied by integration technology of water and fertilizer, which achieved the purpose of the saving fertilizer and work, and the increasing efficiency. [Method] As the test materials of the precocious Gongchuan mandarin, Liucheng tangerine and Satang tangerine in Liucheng County, Liuzhou City, Guangxi Province, the effects of yield and benefit of different treatments were counted up by the technology of the formula fertilizer combined with drip irrigation. [Result] By the technology of the formula fertilizer combined with drip irrigation, compared with the control, fertilizer use cost of treatment①, treatment② and treatment③ decreased by 55.04%, 39.96% and 24.98% respectively, labor costs decreased by 68.89%, production has greatly increased. Among them, the best effect was treatment ②. [Conclusion] Using the traditional fertilization technique had the problems of low fertilizer utilization rate and large amount of labor, a better solution way was used by the technology of the formula fertilizer combined with drip irrigation.
Key wordsCitrus;Drip irrigation;Formula fertilization;Integration of water and fertilizer
柑橘是我國果树产业中大产业之一,其栽培面积和产量均居世界第一位。柑橘产业的快速发展对我国农民增收和农村经济发展起较大的促进作用。但是,柑橘传统栽培管理技术已不能适应现代新技术发展的需要。对传统栽培管理技术进行改革是柑橘栽培管理技术研究的重要课题之一。传统栽培管理技术中存在施肥次数多、施肥总量多、用水多、用工多、肥料和水的利用率低的问题。针对这一主要问题,已有在果树上从滴灌技术、配方施肥、肥水耦合技术等方面的研究报道[1-4],但大多从单一因子进行研究,从综合性方面进行研究尚未见报道。笔者探索了减少施肥总量和施肥次数,把配方施肥与滴灌技术起来,实现水肥一体化的栽培管理技术,达到节肥、省工、增效的目的,为生产上柑橘栽培管理技术提供参考依据。
1材料与方法
3结论与讨论
(1)与对照相比,处理①、处理②、处理③化肥使用成本分别下降了55.04%、39.96%和24.98%,人工成本下降了68.89%,产量则有较大幅度增加。试验结果表明,传统常规施肥存在肥料利用率低、浪费大、用工多的问题。采用水肥一体化技术是一个较好的解决途径。
(2)肥水耦合是指水分和肥料二者之间的相互作用对植物生长及其利用效率的影响。这是对传统施肥技术的重要改良。它可以做到以肥调水、以水促肥、肥水协调,是提高肥水利用效率、减少环境污染、实现农业增收、节支的关键技术。以往对大田作物的肥水耦合技术和效果研究较多,但在柑橘等果树上的应用研究少有报道[3]。该研究采用配方肥结合滴灌的施肥方式,确实起到肥水协调、提高产量的作用。
参考文献
[1] 徐淑君,吴雪梅,任铮,等.滴灌技术对柑橘生长效应的研究[J].南方农业,2008,2(7):7-9.
[2] 郁恩,香韩芳.葡萄配方施肥技术[J].现代农业科技,2011(16):128-130.
[3] 安华明,黄伟,樊卫国,等.肥水耦合对柑橘树体营养状况的影响[J].山地农业生物学报,2008,27(1):76-78.
[4] 君广斌,曹群虎,查养良.果园平衡配方施肥技术[J].陕西农业科学,2009(2):188-190.
[5] 君广斌,曹群虎,查养良.红地球葡萄精细配方施肥技术研究[J].种业导刊,2008(6):34-35.