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本文采用2004—2009年全国284个城市的面板数据,依据人口迁移的“推拉”理论对我国劳动力要素流动问题进行了整体样本与分样本的实证研究。从实证的结果来看,我国城市工资水平对劳动力要素流入的拉力在整体上呈现递减状态,也即工资水平的提高不能带来劳动力供给的无限增加,劳动力数量同工资水平之间的倒U关系使得劳动力流入城市的数量在理论上有个峰值。同时城市分样本估计告诉我们,低收入城市与高收入城市的工资水平对劳动力要素的拉力是不同的,高收入城市已经进入了工资拉力递减的倒U状态,而低收入城市则处于工资边际效用递增阶段,因此对高收入与低收入城市的城市化政策应该是有差异的。同时本文的研究也引发了我们对城市的生产力峰值与劳动力要素流入峰值的协调性思考。
In this paper, panel data of 284 cities in China from 2004 to 2009 are used to carry out an empirical study on the sample and sub-sample of the labor factor flow in China based on the theory of “push and pull” of population migration. From the empirical results, the pulling force of urban wage level on inflow of labor force in the overall decline, that is, the increase of wages can not bring unlimited increase of labor supply, the number of workers with the wage level inverted U relationship The number of laborers flowing into cities has a theoretical peak. At the same time, the sub-sample of cities tells us that the wage level of low-income and high-income cities is different from the pull of labor factors. High-income cities have entered the inverted U-state with decreasing wage rates while low-income cities have marginal utility of wages Therefore, the urbanization policy of high-income and low-income cities should be different. At the same time, the research in this paper also arouses our thinking about the coordination between the urban productivity peak and the labor inflow peak.