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目的了解我国城市职业人群的慢性病患病状况及影响因素,并评价不同社会经济地位(socioeconomic status,SES)职工的慢性病患病公平性。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法,在北京、厦门、泉州和呼和浩特4个城市共5类工作场所中抽取3 553名职工进行问卷调查。结果调查对象的慢性病总体患病率为14.8%(男性16.7%,女性12.5%)。Logistic回归分析显示,年龄越大,慢性病患病风险越高(均有P<0.05);本科/大专及以上文化程度(OR=2.020,95%CI:1.567~2.605)、高职业紧张(OR=1.328,95%CI:1.091~1.617)、超重/肥胖(OR=1.530,95%CI:1.249~1.875)、吸烟(OR=1.436,95%CI:1.148~1.798)和饮酒(OR=1.976,95%CI:1.409~2.771)是慢性病患病的危险因素,而外地户籍(OR=0.756,95%CI:0.604~0.945)为保护因素。按性别分层分析,不同SES职工的慢性病患病率差异均有统计学意义(均有P<0.05),慢性病患病集中指数均为正值,且收入集中指数最高。结论研究人群慢性病患病率相对较低,慢性病患病与年龄、文化程度、职业紧张和生活方式相关,且不同SES的职工患病状况存在不公平性。
Objective To understand the prevalence and influencing factors of chronic diseases in urban occupational groups in China and to evaluate the equity of chronic diseases in different socioeconomic status (SES) workers. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to survey 3 553 workers in 5 workplaces in 4 cities in Beijing, Xiamen, Quanzhou and Hohhot. Results The overall prevalence of chronic diseases was 14.8% (16.7% for males and 12.5% for females). Logistic regression analysis showed that the higher the age, the higher the risk of chronic diseases (all P <0.05); the higher education level (OR = 2.020,95% CI 1.567 ~ 2.605) 1.328, 95% CI: 1.091-1.617), overweight / obesity (OR = 1.530, 95% CI: 1.249-1.875), smoking (OR = 1.436, 95% CI: 1.148-1.798) % CI: 1.409 ~ 2.771) were the risk factors for chronic diseases, while the household registration (OR = 0.756, 95% CI: 0.604-0.945) was the protective factor. By stratified by sex, there was significant difference in the prevalence of chronic diseases among different SES workers (both P <0.05). The concentration index of chronic disease was positive and the highest concentration of income was found. Conclusions The prevalence of chronic diseases in the study population is relatively low. The prevalence of chronic diseases is related to age, educational level, occupational stress and lifestyle, and the prevalence of unfairness among workers with different SES.