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目的评价2013年媒体报道的“乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗事件”中期影响,探讨儿童监护人接种犹豫发生情况。方法 2014年11月在浙江省3个市开展横断面调查。采用自行设计的问卷向儿童监护人收集对该事件的知晓情况和相关态度等信息;从“浙江省儿童预防接种管理信息系统”导出乙肝疫苗接种记录,分析不同时期接种及时性;采用logistic回归模型分析接种犹豫影响因素。结果 204名受访对象对“乙肝疫苗事件”的知晓率为54.9%。知晓该事件的112人中,最初认为儿童死亡原因为接种乙肝疫苗导致的比例为38.4%,至受访时此比例降至13.4%(χ~2=21.70,P<0.01),跟踪关注事件后续报道的比例为50.0%,表示今后接种疫苗会受其负面影响的比例为19.6%。分析疫苗接种记录,可见知晓“乙肝疫苗事件”与否以及在事件进展的不同阶段对乙肝疫苗接种及时性均无明显影响。知晓该事件者中,接种犹豫发生比例达60.7%(68/112),平时与接种医生沟通不畅者发生比例较高(OR=1.96,95%CI:1.07~3.62),而平时对预防接种一般反应担心程度低者接种犹豫发生比例也低(OR=0.64,95%CI:0.43~0.95)。结论 “乙肝疫苗事件”发生1年后对儿童监护人的心理影响仍然存在,但并没有对乙肝疫苗预防接种行为产生实际影响,日常应注意加强与服务对象沟通,定期提供疫苗安全性信息,保持公众对预防接种的信心。
Objective To evaluate the medium-term impact of the Hepatitis B (Hepatitis B) vaccine incident reported by the media in 2013 to investigate the occurrence of child guardian vaccination hesitation. Methods In November 2014, a cross-sectional survey was conducted in three cities of Zhejiang Province. Using self-designed questionnaire to collect information about the incident and relevant attitude from child guardians; To derive hepatitis B vaccination records from “Zhejiang Children’s Vaccination Management Information System” and analyze the timeliness of inoculation in different periods; Using logistic regression Model analysis of factors influencing vaccination hesitation. Results The respondents’ awareness rate of “Hepatitis B vaccine incident” was 54.9%. Among the 112 people who knew of the incident, the cause of death was initially thought to be 38.4% due to the Hepatitis B vaccination and to 13.4% at the time of interview (χ ~ 2 = 21.70, P <0.01) Reported a ratio of 50.0%, indicating that vaccination will be affected by the negative impact of the proportion of 19.6%. Analysis of vaccination records, we can see that “Hepatitis B vaccine incident” or not and in different stages of the progress of hepatitis B vaccination timeliness had no significant effect. Awareness of the incident, the proportion of vaccination hesitation occurred in up to 60.7% (68/112), usually with poor communication with vaccinated doctors who had a higher proportion (OR = 1.96,95% CI: 1.07 ~ 3.62), and usually on vaccination The rate of vaccination hesitation was generally low (OR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.43-0.95). Conclusion The psychological impact of “Hepatitis B vaccine incident” on guardianship of children still exists after 1 year, but there is no practical impact on the vaccination of hepatitis B vaccine. Daily attention should be paid to strengthen communication with clients, provide vaccine safety information on a regular basis, Maintain public confidence in vaccination.