目的了解深圳市福田区2007-2016年中小学校及托幼机构传染病暴发疫情的流行病学特征,为更有效地预防控制学校暴发疫情提供科学依据。方法对深圳市福田区2007-2016年中小学校及托幼机构传染病暴发疫情资料进行描述性流行病学分析。结果深圳市福田区2007-2016年共报告传染病疫情538起,发病4 056人,平均罹患率8.25%;其中托幼机构暴发疫情罹患率(13.83%)高于中小学校及其他机构(χ~2=540.99,P<0.001);小学暴发疫情上报率(45.61%)高于中学及托幼机构(χ2=31.73,P<0.001);上报暴发疫情以丙类为多(429起,占79.74%),主要是流行性感冒(295起,占54.83%);中小学校以流行性感冒为主(266起,占82.35%),托幼机构以手足口病为主(58起,占38.41%);3-6月为上半年疫情高峰期,9、12月为下半年疫情高峰期;首发病例至报告时间间隔与疫情持续时间呈正相关(rs=0.54,P<0.001)。结论中小学校及托幼机构是传染病暴发疫情的高发场所,根据各类传染病疫情的流行特征采取针对性的防控措施是有效预防控制传染病暴发疫情的关键。 Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of outbreaks of infectious diseases in primary and secondary schools and nurseries in Futian District of Shenzhen City from 2007 to 2016 so as to provide a scientific basis for more effective prevention and control of outbreaks in schools. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on outbreak data of infectious diseases in primary and secondary schools and nurseries in Futian District, Shenzhen City during 2007-2016. Results A total of 538 infectious disease outbreaks were reported in Futian District of Shenzhen City from 2007 to 2016, with an incidence of 4 056 people, with an average attack rate of 8.25%. Among them, the outbreak rate of outbreaks of child care institutions (13.83%) was higher than that of primary and secondary schools and other institutions (χ ~ 2 = 540.99, P <0.001). The reported rate of outbreak of primary outbreak (45.61%) was higher than that of middle school and nursery school (χ2 = 31.73, P <0.001) ), Mainly influenza (295, accounting for 54.83%); primary and secondary schools were mainly influenza (266, accounting for 82.35%), hand-foot-mouth disease was the mainstay of nurseries (58, accounting for 38.41%), ; 3-6 months for the first half of the peak period, September and December for the second half of the peak period; the first case to report the time interval and duration of the outbreak was positively correlated (rs = 0.54, P <0.001). Conclusions Primary and secondary schools and nurseries are the places of high incidence of outbreaks of infectious diseases. Targeted prevention and control measures based on the epidemiological characteristics of various types of infectious diseases are the key points to effectively prevent and control the outbreak of infectious diseases.