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本试验旨在研究脱脂蚕蛹替代饲料中鱼粉对建鲤生长性能、体成分及健康状况的影响,并对75%替代后添加晶体赖氨酸的效果进行研究。试验配制5种等氮(粗蛋白质36.8%)等能(粗脂肪5.5%)饲料,即含10%鱼粉的基础饲料(DSP0),脱脂蚕蛹分别替代基础饲料中25%、50%和75%鱼粉的3种饲料(DSP25、DSP50和DSP75)以及在75%替代基础上添加0.7%的晶体赖氨酸的饲料(DSP75-Lys)。将270尾平均体重为(15.30±2.97)g的建鲤幼鱼随机分为5组,每个组3个重复,每个重复18尾鱼。试验期为56 d。结果表明:直接替代组(DSP0、DSP25、DSP50、DSP75组)的末重(FBW)、增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)、摄食量(FI)和蛋白质效率(PER)均随替代水平的升高逐渐下降,其中DSP75组的FBW显著低于DSP0组(P<0.05),WGR、SGR和PER显著低于DSP0和DSP25组(P<0.05);直接替代组的饲料系数(FCR)随替代水平的升高而逐渐升高,且DSP75组显著高于DSP0和DSP25组(P<0.05);直接替代组的肥满度(CF)和腹腔脂肪指数(IFI)均随替代水平的升高先降低后升高,且DSP75组显著高于DSP25组(P<0.05);直接替代组的比肠长(RGL)随替代水平的升高逐渐升高,且DSP75组显著高于DSP0组(P<0.05)。直接替代组的全鱼粗蛋白质、水分及肌肉各氨基酸含量组间无显著差异(P>0.05),但DSP75组全鱼粗脂肪含量显著高于DSP0组(P<0.05),全鱼粗灰分含量显著低于DSP0组(P<0.05)。直接替代组的血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性随替代水平的升高逐渐升高,且DSP75组显著高于DSP0、DSP25和DSP50组(P<0.05);直接替代组的血清葡萄糖(GLU)含量随替代水平的升高逐渐降低,且DSP50和DSP75组显著低于DSP0组(P<0.05);直接替代组的肝胰脏总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性随替代水平的升高逐渐降低,且DSP75组显著低于DSP0和DSP25组(P<0.05);随替代水平的升高,血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和胆固醇(CHOL)含量逐渐降低,肝胰脏丙二醛(MDA)含量逐渐升高,但各直接替代组之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。添加晶体赖氨酸后,试验鱼各指标均有所改善,且鱼体粗蛋白质含量还显著高于DSP0组(P<0.05),但转氨酶活性及抗氧化指标仍与DSP75组无显著差异(P>0.05)。本试验条件下,综合考虑生长性能、体成分及健康状况指标,脱脂蚕蛹可替代建鲤饲料中50%以下的鱼粉,同时添加晶体赖氨酸可提高鱼体的蛋白质沉积水平。
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of fishmeal in skim-fed silkworm pupa on the growth performance, body composition and health status of Jian carp. The effect of 75% substitution on the addition of crystalline lysine was studied. Five kinds of equal-energy (5.5% of crude fat) diets containing 10% fishmeal (DSP0) and 25%, 50% and 75% of fishmeal (DSP25, DSP50 and DSP75) and a diet supplemented with 0.7% crystalline lysine (DSP75-Lys) on a 75% basis. 270 carp larvae with average body weight of (15.30 ± 2.97) g were randomly divided into 5 groups with 3 replicates in each group, with 18 fish in each replicate. The test period is 56 days. The results showed that the FBW, WGR, SGR, FI and PER of direct substitution group (DSP0, DSP25, DSP50 and DSP75) (P <0.05). The WGR, SGR and PER of DSP75 group were significantly lower than those of DSP0 and DSP25 groups (P <0.05). The feed conversion coefficient of FCR ) Increased with the level of substitution, and DSP75 group was significantly higher than that of DSP0 and DSP25 groups (P <0.05). The CF and IFI of the direct replacement group increased with the replacement level (P <0.05). The length of specific intestine (RGL) increased gradually with the substitution level in DSP75 group and DSP75 group was significantly higher than DSP0 group (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in crude protein, water and muscle amino acid content between the two groups (P> 0.05), but the crude fat content of DSP75 group was significantly higher than that of DSP0 group (P <0.05) Significantly lower than DSP0 group (P <0.05). The activity of ALT in the direct replacement group increased gradually with the replacement level, and was significantly higher in the DSP75 group than in the DSP0, DSP25 and DSP50 groups (P <0.05); the serum glucose (GLU) level in the direct replacement group (P <0.05). The activity of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) in hepatopancreas increased with the replacement level in the direct substitute group (P <0.05). The level of serum LDL-C and CHOL gradually decreased with the increase of replacement level, and the level of serum LDL-C and CHOL in the DSP75 group was significantly lower than that in the DSP0 and DSP25 groups Dialdehyde (MDA) content gradually increased, but there was no significant difference between the direct substitution group (P> 0.05). After adding lysine, the indexes of test fish all improved, and the crude protein content of fish was also significantly higher than that of DSP0 group (P <0.05), but there was no significant difference between ALT and DSP75 > 0.05). Under the test conditions, considering the growth performance, body composition and health indicators, skim silkworm pupa could replace 50% or less of fish meal in Jian carp feed, and adding crystal lysine could increase the protein deposition of fish.