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【目的】探索不同发育障碍儿童家庭的依恋特点。【方法】采用一般家庭情况问卷及亲密关系经历量表(ECR,中文版)分别对69例孤独症患儿(孤独症组)、18例Asperger综合征患儿(Asperger综合征组)、51例精神发育迟滞患儿(精神发育迟滞组)及69名正常儿童(正常对照组)的父亲和母亲进行问卷调查,分析不同发育障碍儿童家庭的父亲和母亲的依恋特点。【结果】组间父亲依恋回避、母亲依恋焦虑和母亲回避维度差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05);父亲依恋焦虑维度差异有统计学意义(F=5.432,P<0.01)。两两比较发现,父亲依恋焦虑维度评分孤独症及精神发育迟滞组明显高于正常对照组及Asperger综合征组(P<0.05～0.01);正常对照组与Asperger综合征组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。【结论】不同发育障碍患儿家庭中,母亲依恋特征与正常儿童的母亲相同,但孤独症及精神发育迟滞患儿的父亲依恋焦虑维度增高,可能会影响其抚育患儿的方式。
【Objective】 To explore the characteristics of attachment of children with different developmental disabilities. 【Methods】 Sixty-nine children with autism (autism group), 18 children with Asperger syndrome (Asperger syndrome group) and 51 children with Asperger syndrome were enrolled in this study. The general family situation questionnaire and intimate experience scale (ECR, Chinese version) Fetal and mothers with children with mental retardation (mental retardation group) and 69 normal children (normal control group) were surveyed to analyze the attachment characteristics of father and mother in families with different developmental disabilities. 【Results】 There was no significant difference in father attachment avoidance, mothers attachment anxiety and mothers avoidance dimension (P> 0.05). There was significant difference in father attachment anxiety dimension (F = 5.432, P <0.01). Twelve-one comparison found that father’s anxiety dimension score autism and mental retardation group was significantly higher than the normal control group and Asperger syndrome group (P <0.05 ~ 0.01); no significant difference between the normal control group and Asperger syndrome group (P> 0.05). 【Conclusion】 Among the children with different developmental disorders, the attachment characteristics of mothers are the same as those of normal children. However, the autistic father and the children with mental retardation have an increased father attachment anxiety, which may affect the way of raising children.