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马丁·玛丽埃塔公司的商用大力神Ⅲ号运载火箭的现有能力,能将14346kg的有效载荷送入近地轨道。然而,许多火箭用户的最终目标可能是地球同步轨道状态。为了从近地轨道转入地球同步轨道,卫星上必须安装近地点和远地点发动机。近地点发动机将卫星由近地轨道转入地球同步转移轨道,远地点发动机又进一步将卫星从地球同步转移轨道送入35805km高度的圆形地球同步轨道。为了提高马丁·玛丽埃塔公司商用大力神Ⅲ号的多用性,过渡上面级正作为运载火箭的追加任务加以研制。商用大力神Ⅲ号加上上面级后,便能把总质量4313kg的两颗卫星直接送入地球同步转移轨道,这样就不需在卫星上安装近地点发动机。本文主要介绍过渡级的研制过程、现有状况、在商用大力神Ⅲ号上的应用以及今后性能的提高。
The existing capabilities of Martin Marietta’s commercial Hercules III launch vehicle enable the delivery of 14346 kg of payload into orbit. However, the ultimate goal of many rocket users may be geostationary orbit. To move from near-Earth orbit into geosynchronous orbit, satellites must have perigee and apogee engines installed. The perigee engine transferred the satellite from near-Earth orbit to the geosynchronous orbit, and the apogee engine further sent the satellite from the geosynchronous orbit to a circular geosynchronous orbit at a height of 35805 km. In order to enhance the versatility of Martin Marietta’s Commercial Hercules III, the transitional top is being developed as an additional mission for the launch vehicle. With the addition of the above-mentioned Commercial Titan III, the two satellites with a total mass of 4313kg can be directly sent to the geosynchronous orbit, thus eliminating the need to install a perigee engine on the satellite. This article describes the transition level of the development process, the current status of the application in the commercial Hercules III and future performance improvements.