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长期以来,国家财政投入和传统金融机构的贴息贷款一直是扶贫最重要的资金来源。自1980年中央设立第一笔专项扶贫资金,到2016年全国扶贫专项投入已超过1000亿元,其中2000~2014年,中央财政累计专项投入就达2966亿元,年均增长11.6%。“十三五”期间专项投入将超过6000亿元,而其他各级政府、部门配套资金将达到数万亿元,为贫困地区发展的长期基础性工作提供了巨大支持。随着中国经济飞速发展,财政和银行体系的资金更加充足,但公共投入逐年增加,边际效用却在逐渐降低。
For a long time, state-owned financial investments and discount loans from traditional financial institutions have been the most important sources of funding for poverty alleviation. Since the first special poverty alleviation fund was set up by the central government in 1980, the national special investment in poverty alleviation has exceeded 100 billion yuan by 2016, of which 2000 to 2014, the accumulated total special input of the central government reached 296.6 billion yuan, an average annual increase of 11.6%. During the “13th Five-Year Plan”, the special investment will exceed 600 billion yuan while other government and departmental matching funds at all levels will amount to several trillion yuan, providing tremendous support for the long-term basic work in poverty-stricken areas. With the rapid economic development in China, the financial and banking systems are more adequately funded. However, the public investment has been increasing year by year, while the marginal utility has been gradually declining.