本文以山东省为例,山东省由平原、山区、半岛三部分构成,其经济因特殊的地理形态在早期形成了依靠运河的商业流通格局,而随着时间的推移和运河通航能力的下降,沿海运输成为旧社会山东最为主要的商品流通途径。清末胶济铁路和津浦铁路的开通,使得山东大致形成了内河航运、铁路、海运“二纵一横一环”的交通运输格局,此种格局的影响自近代一直延续到当代。 Taking Shandong Province as an example, Shandong Province consists of three parts: plain, mountainous area and peninsula. Due to its special geographical pattern, Shandong Province has formed a commercial circulation pattern that relies on the canal at an early stage. With the passage of time and the decrease of the navigable capacity of the canal, Coastal transport became the most important commodity circulation route in the old society. The opening of the Jiaoji Railway and the Jinpu Railway in the late Qing Dynasty led to the general formation of the transportation pattern of inland shipping, railways and seaborne transportation in Shandong Province. The influence of this pattern has continued from the modern era to the present.