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琉球官话课本是从18世纪中叶保存下来的珍贵手抄文献,从留在上面的一些关于读音的记号和附注,可以观察到当时的琉球学生所学的汉语官话的语音面貌。学者们对这个音系的属性看法分歧,有北方官话、南方官话或传统“正音”等不同意见。本文在濑户口教授工作的基础上,补充了新的资料,进行重新分析,指出这个音系是在福州方言的框架中纳入北方官话而形成的“福州的官话”。本文中一些分析也有助于对汉语近代语音史的认识。
The Ryukyu Mandarin textbook is a precious handwritten document preserved from the mid-18th century. From the remaining notations and notes on pronunciation, we can observe the phonetic aspects of the Mandarin Chinese that Ryukyu students learned at that time. Scholars have different opinions on the attributes of this phonology, such as Northern Mandarin, Southern Mandarin or traditional “Zheng Yin”. Based on the work of Professor Seto Kou, this essay supplements the new data and reanalyzes it, pointing out that this phonetic system is formed by incorporating the northern Chinese into the framework of Fuzhou dialect. Some of the analyzes in this article also contribute to the understanding of modern Chinese phonetic history.