医学是一个专业性极强的高风险领域,迄今为止,医学还不能解决所有的疾病诊疗问题,美国医生特鲁多墓志铭上的行医格言“总是去安慰,常常是帮助,有时是治愈”就是最贴切的概括。面对人类复杂的机体和五花八门的疾病,医疗行为中经常会存在一些不确定、不可预测或者不可避免的风险,如何趋利避害把风险降到最低限度,这是医务工作者、患者和家属的共同目标。但在未知领域中探索,不可避免会有失败,由于不同人群对 Medicine is a highly specialized and high-risk area. To date, medicine has not been able to solve all medical problems. The medical motto of the American doctor Trudeau Epitaph “always to comfort, often help, and sometimes cure ”" is the most appropriate summary. In the face of complex human organisms and various diseases, there are often uncertain, unpredictable, or unavoidable risks in medical behaviors. How to minimize risks and minimize risks is a matter of medical workers, patients, and family members. The common goal. However, exploring in an unknown area will inevitably fail due to the different