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【目的】揭示强筋小麦淀粉粒度分布特征,探讨小麦挑旗后不同阶段弱光对其胚乳淀粉粒度分布特征的影响。【方法】利用自制遮荫棚设挑旗-开花、花后1～10d、花后11～20d、花后21～30d弱光处理,以大田种植小麦为对照,对2个强筋小麦品种(藁城8901和济南17)在不同弱光处理下胚乳中淀粉粒的数目、体积和表面积分布进行分析测定。【结果】小麦胚乳不同粒径淀粉粒数目分布呈单峰曲线变化,体积和表面积分布均呈双峰曲线变化。B型淀粉粒(直径<10μm)占胚乳淀粉粒数目、体积和表面积的百分数分别为99.89%、46.85%和84.43%,A型淀粉粒(直径≥10μm)的值分别为0.11%、53.15%和15.57%。挑旗后不同阶段弱光处理对小麦胚乳淀粉粒的数目、体积和表面积分布均有明显影响。花后11～20d弱光处理时A型淀粉粒的数目百分数显著降低,其它处理变化不明显;弱光对B型淀粉粒内部的数目分布状况影响显著,且此影响存在遮光时期、基因型和粒位的差异。挑旗～开花弱光处理后,藁城8901强势粒BS型(直径<1μm)淀粉粒数目降低,BL型(直径1～10μm)淀粉粒升高,而弱势粒呈相反趋势;济南17强势粒的淀粉粒数目分布变化不显著,而弱势粒BS型淀粉粒数目降低,BL型淀粉粒升高。灌浆前期弱光处理提高小麦胚乳中BS型淀粉粒数目,中后期弱光处理提高BL型淀粉粒数目,且中期弱光处理的作用大于后期。2个品种B型淀粉粒的体积和表面积在灌浆前期弱光处理后显著提高,而A型淀粉粒的体积和表面积降低;挑旗～开花和灌浆中后期弱光处理后,A和B型淀粉粒的体积和表面积变化呈现与灌浆前期相反的趋势。【结论】强筋小麦胚乳淀粉粒数目分布呈单峰曲线变化,体积和表面积分布呈双峰曲线变化。弱光对强筋小麦胚乳淀粉粒度分布存在显著影响。
【Objective】 The purpose of this study was to reveal the starch grain size distribution of strong gluten wheat and to study the influence of weak light on the starch grain size distribution of endosperm in different stages after wheat flagging. 【Method】 The flag-flowering was carried out in self-made shady-shed, 1 ~ 10 days after anthesis, 11 ~ 20 days after anthesis, and 21 ~ 30 days after anthesis. The yield of two strong gluten wheat cultivars Tancheng 8901 and Jinan 17) were analyzed and determined for the number, volume and surface area of starch granules in endosperm under different low light treatments. 【Result】 The results showed that the distribution of starch granules with different particle diameters in wheat endosperm showed a single peak curve, and both the volume and the surface area showed a bimodal curve. The percentage of type starch granules (diameter <10μm) accounted for 99.89%, 46.85% and 84.43% of the starch granules, volume and surface area of endosperm respectively. The values of type A starch granules (diameter≥10μm) were 0.11%, 53.15% and 15.57%. The weak light treatment in different stages of flagging significantly affected the starch granule number, volume and surface area distribution in wheat endosperm. The percentage of type A starch grains decreased significantly from 11 to 20 days after anthesis, while the other treatments did not change significantly. Low light had a significant effect on the number distribution of type B starch granules, and the effects of shading period, genotype and Differences in grain size. In the flag-flowering and low light treatment, the starch number of Tancheng 8901 strong grain BS type (diameter <1μm) decreased, the starch grains of BL type (diameter 1 ~ 10μm) increased while the weak grains showed the opposite trend; Jinan 17 strong grain The number of starch granules did not change significantly, whereas the number of BS starch granules in inferior granules decreased and the starch granules in BL granules increased. Low light treatment at early grain filling stage increased the number of BS type starch grains in wheat endosperm, weak light treatment increased the number of BL type starch grains in the middle and later stages, and the effect of weak light treatment in medium stage was greater than that in late stage. The volume and surface area of B type starch granules of two cultivars significantly increased after low light treatment, but the volume and surface area of A type starch granules decreased. After the flagging-flowering and mid-late filling stage of low light, starch types A and B The changes of the volume and surface area of the granule showed the opposite trend with the pre-grouting stage. 【Conclusion】 The starch granules in the endosperm of strong gluten wheat showed a single peak curve and the volume and surface area showed a bimodal curve. Low light had a significant effect on the grain size distribution of endosperm in strong gluten wheat.