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20世纪80年代后期,德裔美国社会学家魏特夫著述《东方专制主义》的中文译本一经出版,立即在中国知识分子中间引发了激烈的批判。魏特夫不仅因其露骨的反共立场,更因他对建立在大型治水工程基础之上的所谓“治水社会”所抱有的悲观宿命论,在中国学界成为长期备受争议的人物。与政治学研究中,将魏氏的政治理论作为抽象的整体,进行再考与重估的手法不同,本文作为思想史领域的个案研究,旨在通过相关史料勾勒出早期魏特夫的生平经历与思想变迁。本文将通过考察魏氏的诸文本所反映出的思想变化,揭示魏特夫从一名德共的正统马克思主义者,演变成为“东方社会停滞论”说客的过程,同时追溯魏氏置身其中的政治形势以及学术空间的变化与他的思想转变之间的关联性。
In the late 1980s, the German-American sociologist Weittu once published a Chinese translation of “Oriental despotism,” immediately provoking intense criticism among Chinese intellectuals. Wittof not only became a protracted and controversial figure in Chinese academia because of his explicit anticommunist stance, but also because of his pessimistic fatalism on the so-called “flood control society” built on the basis of large-scale flood control projects. In the study of political science, this thesis regards Wei’s political theory as an abstract whole, different methods of reexamination and revaluation. As a case study in the field of intellectual history, this article aims to outline the life experiences of the early Witte by relevant historical materials and Change of thinking. This article examines the changes of thought reflected by Wei’s texts and reveals that Wittv evolved from a German-German orthodox Marxist to an “Oriental society halt theory.” At the same time, The political situation in which it is placed, and the relevance of changes in academic space to changes in his thinking.