北魏孝文帝的改革,一方面把拓拔族纳入了封建制的轨道,另一方面却又导致了它内部的阶级分化。对鲜卑贵族来说,汉化的过程便是他们腐化的过程;对下层群众来说,则使他们加入了以汉族农民为主体的被压迫者的行列。随着鲜、汉之间民族界限的日趋淡薄,封建社会的基本矛盾——地主阶级和农民阶级的矛盾便上升到主导地位。孝文帝的改革没有改变北方边镇的落后状态,相反,却起着加深和扩大社会矛盾的作用。旧的矛盾未曾解决,新的矛盾又滋生发展,彼此交织、互为影响,最后使阶级矛盾炽烈化,引起了大规模的六镇起义。 The reform of Emperor Xiaowen in the Northern Wei dynasty, on the one hand, included the extension of the Tuobu into the orbit of the feudalism, on the other hand, it led to its internal class differentiation. For the Xianbei aristocrats, the process of Chineseization is their corrupt process; for the lower masses, they are forced to join the ranks of the oppressed, mainly Han Chinese peasants. With the declining ethnic boundaries between Xian and Han, the basic contradiction of the feudal society - the contradiction between the landlord class and the peasant class rose to the leading position. Emperor Xiaowen’s reforms did not change the backwardness of the northern border towns and on the contrary, they played the role of deepening and expanding social conflicts. The old contradictions have not been solved. The new contradictions are also breeding and developing. They are intertwined with each other and influence each other. Finally, the class contradictions are fiery, causing a massive six-nation uprising.