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由于地铁站台层空间狭小,故其建筑结构形式如楼梯的位置设置及开口朝向方式对火灾烟气的流动会产生较大的影响。采用CFD方法,对采用不同楼梯结构的站台层内车厢中央位置着火时的烟气扩散进行数值模拟,比较楼梯结构对防排烟模式的影响。结果表明:挡烟垂壁和楼梯口向下气流使得火灾时防烟分区效果较为明显,对烟气在整个站台层内的扩散起到了很好的阻碍作用;采用轨顶垂直排烟时,能及时有效的排出大量烟气,而采用两端水平排烟时,由于扩散至此防烟分区的烟气浓度较低,且排出烟气中混有大量空气,大大降低了排烟效率;楼梯呈“■■■■”分布,且采用轨顶垂直排烟模式对站台层内火灾烟气的扩散起到了很好的控制效果,对人员安全疏散较为有利。
Due to the metro station space is small, so the structure of the building, such as the location of the stairs and the opening orientation of the fire flue gas flow will have a greater impact. The CFD method was used to simulate the flue gas diffusion in the central position of the car in the platform with different staircase structures and compare the influence of the structure of the stairs on the smoke control mode. The results show that the downward flow of the smoke blocking wall and the staircase makes the effect of the smoke partitioning more obvious in the fire, which has a good impeding effect on the diffusion of the flue gas in the entire platform layer. When using the vertical smoke exhaust on the rail top, Timely and effective discharge of a large number of flue gas, and the use of both ends of the level of smoke, due to diffusion to this smoke zone flue gas concentration is low, and the exhaust gas mixed with a lot of air, greatly reducing the efficiency of smoke; “■ ■ ■ ■ ■” distribution, and the use of rail top vertical smoke pattern on the station floor fire smoke diffusion has played a very good control effect, the evacuation of personnel more favorable.