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目的研究NICU患者感染病原菌种类的变迁及其耐药情况。方法通过回顾性调查方法,对某医院NICU住院患者连续6年医院感染病原菌种类变化情况及其耐药性进行了调查。结果该医院NICU患者连续6年共送检病原学标本10 971份,分离出病原菌1 876株,阳性率17.10%。其中革兰阴性菌占67.86%,革兰阳性菌占26.44%,真菌占5.70%。连续6年中,临床标本分离的革兰阴性菌呈现下降趋势,而革兰阳性菌和真菌分离率则出现上升趋势。革兰阴性菌优势菌为肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌,革兰阳性菌优势菌为葡萄球菌和B族链球菌。临床分离的革兰阴性菌对头孢类抗菌药物耐药率较高,保持对碳青霉烯类抗菌药物敏感。结论 NICU患者医院感染病原菌仍以革兰阴性菌为主,但革兰阳性球菌和真菌分离率呈现上升趋势。
Objective To study the changes of pathogenic bacteria in NICU patients and their drug resistance. Methods A retrospective survey was conducted to investigate the changes of hospital-acquired pathogens and drug resistance in inpatients with NICU in a hospital for six consecutive years. Results A total of 10 971 specimens of NICU were collected from NICU patients in this hospital for 6 consecutive years. A total of 1 876 pathogens were isolated, the positive rate was 17.10%. Among them, Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 67.86%, Gram-positive bacteria accounted for 26.44% and fungi accounted for 5.70%. For six consecutive years, gram-negative bacteria isolated from clinical samples showed a downward trend, while the rate of Gram-positive bacteria and fungi separation increased. Gram-negative bacteria predominant bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli, Gram-positive bacteria predominant Staphylococcus aureus and B streptococcus. Gram-negative bacteria clinically isolated are more resistant to cephalosporins and remain susceptible to carbapenem-based antimicrobials. Conclusions The majority of nosocomial infection pathogens in NICU patients are still Gram-negative bacteria, but the isolation rate of gram-positive cocci and fungi is on the rise.