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针对电力市场环境,发展了综合考虑经济性、可靠性和排放因素的多目标备用竞价模型。为描述与备用供给相关的可靠性,定义了备用不足期望值,其也可用于区分发电机组与可中断负荷在提供备用过程中的差异性。在此基础上,提出了求解多目标备用竞价模型的2阶段求解算法。首先,基于改进的多目标粒子群算法,求解最小化备用容量成本、备用不足期望值和碳排放量3个目标的多目标竞价模型,获得一组Pareto解。之后,采用熵权决策法评价这些Pareto解,从中得到备用最优购买方案。最后,以包含12个竞价机构(包括发电机组和可中断负荷相关机构)的电力市场/系统为例,说明了所发展的备用竞价模型的基本特征和求解算法的有效性。
Targeting the electricity market environment, a multi-objective reserve bidding model that takes economic, reliability and emission factors into consideration has been developed. To describe the reliability associated with standby provisioning, an underutilization expectation value is defined that can also be used to differentiate between generator sets and interruptible loads in providing a backup process. On this basis, a two-stage solution algorithm for solving multi-objective spare bidding model is proposed. First, based on the improved multi-objective particle swarm optimization, a set of Pareto solutions is obtained by solving the multi-objective bidding model with three objectives: minimizing reserve capacity cost, reserve deficit expectation and carbon emission. After that, entropy weight decision method is used to evaluate these Pareto solutions and get the optimal reserve plan. Finally, taking the electricity market / system including 12 bidding agencies (including generating units and interruptible load-related institutions) as an example, the basic characteristics of the developed alternative bidding model and the effectiveness of the solving algorithm are illustrated.