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Toll样受体(TLRs)是一类Ⅰ型跨膜糖蛋白模式识别受体。至今在人类已发现11种TLRs,其可识别多种细胞内外病原体相关分子模式和损伤相关分子模式。活化的TLRs可激活转录因子,调节促炎性因子表达,参与固有免疫;启动和参与特异性免疫应答。TLRs分布广泛,多数TLRs在肾脏也有表达。TLRs信号通路介导多种感染性和非感染性肾脏疾病。调控TLRs信号通路有望成为治疗肾脏疾病的新手段。
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a type I transmembrane glycoprotein pattern recognition receptors. Up to now, 11 kinds of TLRs have been found in human, which can identify molecular pathogenesis-related molecular patterns and damage-related molecular patterns of many kinds of cells. Activated TLRs activate transcription factors, regulate the expression of proinflammatory factors, participate in innate immunity; initiate and participate in specific immune responses. TLRs are widely distributed, and most TLRs are also expressed in the kidney. TLRs signaling pathway mediates a variety of infectious and non-infectious kidney disease. Regulation of TLRs signaling pathway is expected to become a new treatment of kidney disease.