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随着经济全球化进程的日益加快,各国的经贸往来日益频繁。在往来的过程中,作为贸易平台中的基础交易形式国际合同,它证明交易双方的诸多权利和义务,同时也作为证据证明交易本身。但是,由于国情上的差异,各国国家法律的具体内容以及完善程度都存在非常明显的差异,因此,在各国的经贸往来中,如何确定国际合同的法律适用标准,不仅成为学者们关注的重要问题,对于国际经贸往来中的当事人更具有现实的紧迫感。意思自治长久以来都在国际合同的法律适用中稳占鳌头,也是商人们喜闻乐见的法律适用标准。然而,任何自由的行使都不是绝对的,无限制的意思自治在长期实践中的发展过程中也遇到了很多在特殊合同中无法平衡交易当事人利益的情形,因此,完美的发挥意思自治在国际合同中的作用,适当的、有条件的限制的方法是可取的。本文将结合欧美国家对国际合同中意思自治限制的立法与实践,讨论对现阶段对意思自治适度限制的必要性和对意思自治限制的三种具体情形。
With the accelerating economic globalization, economic and trade exchanges between various countries have become increasingly frequent. As an international contract in the form of basic trading in a trading platform, it proves the many rights and obligations of both parties to the transaction and at the same time proves the transaction itself. However, due to the differences in the national conditions, there are obvious differences in the specific content and perfection of the national laws of various countries. Therefore, how to determine the applicable standards of law in international contracts has not only become an important issue of concern to scholars in the economic and trade exchanges among various countries , A more realistic sense of urgency for those involved in international economic and trade exchanges. Autonomy of will has long been a champion of the law applicable to international contracts and the standard of law that merchants love to hear. However, any exercise of freedom is not absolute, unlimited autonomy of will in the long-term practice of the development process encountered many cases in the special contract can not balance the interests of parties to the transaction, therefore, the perfect exercise autonomy of autonomy in international contracts In the role of appropriate, conditional method is desirable. This article will combine the legislation and practice of the European and American countries on the autonomy restriction of international autonomy and discuss the three specific situations of the necessity restriction of the autonomy of autonomy and the limitation of autonomy of autonomy at the present stage.