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◎用法梳理
初中课本中出现了大量的“动词 介词”和“动词 副词”构成的动词短语,各地中考题中也经常出现考查动词短语的试题。现将其基本用法小结如下:
1.“动词 介词”类的动词短语,无论是名词还是代词作其宾语,都放在介词的后面。例如:
He is waiting for Mary. 他正在等玛丽。
He is waiting for her. 他正在等她。
动词后接介词with、 like、 at、 after、 for、 about、 to、 into、 through等构成的动词短语, 通常有:deal with 處理、 look at看着、 laugh at嘲笑、 look like看起来像、 look after照顾、 dream of梦见、 dream about梦到、 major in主修、 work on 从事;忙于、 hear of听说、 hear from 收到……来信、 depend on 依靠、 listen to 听、 wait for 等待、 care for 关心;关怀、 send for派人去请、 care about 关心;担心、 aim at 向……瞄准、fall into 落入、 knock at / on 敲击、 knock into 撞了某人、 live on 以……为主食、 feed on 以食……为主、concentrate on专心于、 agree to sth. 同意某事、 agree with sb.同意某人、 agree on 就……达成一致、 decide on 确定、 look through 浏览
2.当“动词 副词”类的动词短语的宾语是名词时,该名词可以放在副词前面或后面;如果其宾语是代词,只能放在动词与副词中间。例如:
It is time to get out of bed. Please wake Jack up. (=Please wake up Jack.) 是起床的时候了。请叫醒杰克。
Why not wake them up? 为什么不叫醒他们?(不说Why not wake up them?)
巧记这种用法的顺口溜是:
课本中常见的这类动词短语有:shut down 关闭、cut down 砍到、 turn down 调低音量、 take down 取下、put down 放下、 let down 使沮丧、 turn up 调高音量、shut up 切断、 put up 搭起;举起、 fix up 修理;修补、 set up 创立;创办、 think up 想出、 clean up 清扫、 use up 用光;用尽、 give up 放弃、 look up 查阅、 wake up唤醒、 call / ring up 打电话、 mix up 混合、 cut up 切碎、 pick up 拾起、 make up 编造、 put out 熄灭、 hand out 分发、 sell out 卖完、 carry out 执行;落实、 work out 计算出;成功、 give out 发放;分发、 blow out 吹灭、give back 归还、 take back 收回、 call back 回电话、give away 捐赠、 take away 带走;拿走、 put away 摆放好、 clean out 清除;把……清扫干净、 find out 查明、take up 捡起;从事、 bring out 显示出
3.on、 in、 off、 over等既可用作介词,又可用作副词。下面是同学们容易混淆的动词短语:
我们可以利用顺口溜巧记上面5个易混淆的“动词 副词”短语动词:
4.有些“动词 副词”是不及物的动词短语,须加适当的介词才能接宾语。例如:
look forward (to) 期待、 get back(to) 返回、 show up 露面;出席、 set out 启程、 run off 逃走、 break down出故障、 get on / along (with) 进展;相处、 hold on (to)坚持、 stay up 熬夜、 give in (to) 让步;屈服、 run out (of) 用完、 come out 出版;(花)开了
5.有些“动词 副词”构成的动词短语可用作及物动词短语或不及物动词短语。请比较:
① take off vi. 起飞, vt. 脱下
How soon will the plane take off? 飞机多久以后就会起飞?
You d better take off your wet clothes. 你最好脱下湿衣服。
② get back vi. 返回;vt. 取回
When did he get back ? 他什么时候返回的?
My book is upstairs. I ll get it back. 我的书在楼上。我要取回它。
③ wake up vi. 醒来,vt. 唤醒
Wake up! It s time to get out of bed. 醒来吧!起床时间到了。
Wake her up, or she will be late for school. 叫醒她,否则她上学会迟到。
◎考场夺冠
根据句意,从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择最佳答案。
1.—My mother cooks delicious food every day. I ve six pounds. —I think you should do more exercise.
【2017·十堰中考题】
A.put away B.put off
C.put on D.put up
2.In a soccer game, it s important for the players to play together and the best in each other.
【2017·襄阳中考题】
A.hand out B.leave out
C.bring out D.take out
3.The teacher asked the students to a story about a trip to the moon.
【2017·随州中考题】
A.give up B.turn up
C.cut up D.make up
4.If you want to know more about space, please the book A Brief of Time.
【2017·广东中考题】
A.look through B.look around
C.look after D.look down upon
5.We need to do some research to the answer.
【2016·河北中考题】
A.find out B.look out
C.hand out D.take out
6.—What s the meaning of “secretary” ?
—Let me the word in the dictionary.
【2016·南宁中考题】
A.look at B.look for
C.look after D.look up
7.Some animals can the color around to protect themselves.
【2018·安徽中考题】
A.take on B.give up
C.put away D.see off
8.—The government is trying to protect the environment now.
—Yeah. It is reported that some factories will be soon.
【2018·东营中考题】
A.set up B.shut off
C.given up D.turned off
(答案見第64页)
初中课本中出现了大量的“动词 介词”和“动词 副词”构成的动词短语,各地中考题中也经常出现考查动词短语的试题。现将其基本用法小结如下:
1.“动词 介词”类的动词短语,无论是名词还是代词作其宾语,都放在介词的后面。例如:
He is waiting for Mary. 他正在等玛丽。
He is waiting for her. 他正在等她。
动词后接介词with、 like、 at、 after、 for、 about、 to、 into、 through等构成的动词短语, 通常有:deal with 處理、 look at看着、 laugh at嘲笑、 look like看起来像、 look after照顾、 dream of梦见、 dream about梦到、 major in主修、 work on 从事;忙于、 hear of听说、 hear from 收到……来信、 depend on 依靠、 listen to 听、 wait for 等待、 care for 关心;关怀、 send for派人去请、 care about 关心;担心、 aim at 向……瞄准、fall into 落入、 knock at / on 敲击、 knock into 撞了某人、 live on 以……为主食、 feed on 以食……为主、concentrate on专心于、 agree to sth. 同意某事、 agree with sb.同意某人、 agree on 就……达成一致、 decide on 确定、 look through 浏览
2.当“动词 副词”类的动词短语的宾语是名词时,该名词可以放在副词前面或后面;如果其宾语是代词,只能放在动词与副词中间。例如:
It is time to get out of bed. Please wake Jack up. (=Please wake up Jack.) 是起床的时候了。请叫醒杰克。
Why not wake them up? 为什么不叫醒他们?(不说Why not wake up them?)
巧记这种用法的顺口溜是:
课本中常见的这类动词短语有:shut down 关闭、cut down 砍到、 turn down 调低音量、 take down 取下、put down 放下、 let down 使沮丧、 turn up 调高音量、shut up 切断、 put up 搭起;举起、 fix up 修理;修补、 set up 创立;创办、 think up 想出、 clean up 清扫、 use up 用光;用尽、 give up 放弃、 look up 查阅、 wake up唤醒、 call / ring up 打电话、 mix up 混合、 cut up 切碎、 pick up 拾起、 make up 编造、 put out 熄灭、 hand out 分发、 sell out 卖完、 carry out 执行;落实、 work out 计算出;成功、 give out 发放;分发、 blow out 吹灭、give back 归还、 take back 收回、 call back 回电话、give away 捐赠、 take away 带走;拿走、 put away 摆放好、 clean out 清除;把……清扫干净、 find out 查明、take up 捡起;从事、 bring out 显示出
3.on、 in、 off、 over等既可用作介词,又可用作副词。下面是同学们容易混淆的动词短语:
我们可以利用顺口溜巧记上面5个易混淆的“动词 副词”短语动词:
4.有些“动词 副词”是不及物的动词短语,须加适当的介词才能接宾语。例如:
look forward (to) 期待、 get back(to) 返回、 show up 露面;出席、 set out 启程、 run off 逃走、 break down出故障、 get on / along (with) 进展;相处、 hold on (to)坚持、 stay up 熬夜、 give in (to) 让步;屈服、 run out (of) 用完、 come out 出版;(花)开了
5.有些“动词 副词”构成的动词短语可用作及物动词短语或不及物动词短语。请比较:
① take off vi. 起飞, vt. 脱下
How soon will the plane take off? 飞机多久以后就会起飞?
You d better take off your wet clothes. 你最好脱下湿衣服。
② get back vi. 返回;vt. 取回
When did he get back ? 他什么时候返回的?
My book is upstairs. I ll get it back. 我的书在楼上。我要取回它。
③ wake up vi. 醒来,vt. 唤醒
Wake up! It s time to get out of bed. 醒来吧!起床时间到了。
Wake her up, or she will be late for school. 叫醒她,否则她上学会迟到。
◎考场夺冠
根据句意,从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择最佳答案。
1.—My mother cooks delicious food every day. I ve six pounds. —I think you should do more exercise.
【2017·十堰中考题】
A.put away B.put off
C.put on D.put up
2.In a soccer game, it s important for the players to play together and the best in each other.
【2017·襄阳中考题】
A.hand out B.leave out
C.bring out D.take out
3.The teacher asked the students to a story about a trip to the moon.
【2017·随州中考题】
A.give up B.turn up
C.cut up D.make up
4.If you want to know more about space, please the book A Brief of Time.
【2017·广东中考题】
A.look through B.look around
C.look after D.look down upon
5.We need to do some research to the answer.
【2016·河北中考题】
A.find out B.look out
C.hand out D.take out
6.—What s the meaning of “secretary” ?
—Let me the word in the dictionary.
【2016·南宁中考题】
A.look at B.look for
C.look after D.look up
7.Some animals can the color around to protect themselves.
【2018·安徽中考题】
A.take on B.give up
C.put away D.see off
8.—The government is trying to protect the environment now.
—Yeah. It is reported that some factories will be soon.
【2018·东营中考题】
A.set up B.shut off
C.given up D.turned off
(答案見第64页)