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目的为了解河南省乙型病毒性肝炎(乙肝)流行现状,评价实施乙肝疫苗免疫10年后,人群乙肝病毒(HBV)感染的血清流行病学变动趋势,确定全省乙肝的综合预防控制策略。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,对全省14个县1～85岁人群共5 081人进行了乙肝血清流行病学调查,并用放射免疫(RIA)法检测了乙肝病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)、乙肝病毒表面抗体(抗-HBs)和乙肝病毒核心抗体(抗-HBc)。结果河南省调查人群HBsAg、抗-HBs、抗-HBc阳性率分别是5.17%、52.66%、21.40%,1～14岁人群HBsAg阳性率3.4%。与1992年病毒性肝炎血清流行病学调查结果相比,全人群HBsAg携带率下降53.42%,1～14岁人群HBsAg携带率下降62.7%。结论接种乙肝疫苗是控制人群HBV感染的有效措施,能明显提高抗-HBs阳性率,降低HBsAg携带率,提高人群对HBV的免疫保护能力。
Objective To understand the prevalence of hepatitis B in Henan Province and to evaluate the epidemiological trend of hepatitis B virus infection after 10 years of hepatitis B vaccine immunization and to determine the comprehensive prevention and control strategy of hepatitis B in the whole province. Methods A multistage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to investigate the seroprevalence of hepatitis B in a total of 5 081 people from 1 to 85 years old in 14 counties in the province and the detection of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (RIA) by radioimmunoassay HBsAg), hepatitis B virus surface antibodies (anti-HBs) and hepatitis B virus core antibodies (anti-HBc). Results The positive rates of HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc were 5.17%, 52.66% and 21.40% respectively in Henan Province. The positive rate of HBsAg in population aged 1-14 was 3.4%. Compared with the 1992 results of the serological epidemiology of viral hepatitis, the population-carrying rate of HBsAg decreased by 53.42% and that of the population aged 1-14 decreased by 62.7%. Conclusion Hepatitis B vaccination is an effective measure to control HBV infection in the population. It can significantly increase the positive rate of anti-HBs, reduce the carrier rate of HBsAg and enhance the population’s immune protection ability against HBV.