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目的 分析热带海区海难落水人员的救生情况 ,探讨提高海区落水人员生存率的方法。方法 对 2 0 0 1年热带风暴“天兔”引起的 2 2例海难幸存者的海上漂浮情况和救生情况进行个案调查 ,以了解海难遇险人员救生情况。结果 2 2例幸存者在无救生通讯装备和救生口粮情况下 ,以简易漂浮物在海上漂浮 (2 6 .9± 5 .3) h。落海时轻微外伤 4例 (18.2 % ) ,漂浮时皮肤擦伤 2 2例 (10 0 % ) ,被海洋生物袭击 5例 (2 2 .7% )。经直升机救生 19例 ,经直升机引导舰船救生 3例 ,获救后经治疗均恢复健康。结论 出海人员应进行基本的海上救生教育和训练 ,准备必须的救生通讯装备和救生口粮。在海上搜救过程中 ,要做到反应迅速、搜救空间合理、医疗准备充分。
Objective To analyze the life-saving situation of sea-going and storm-watering workers in the tropical sea area and to explore ways to improve the survival rate of the sea-infested persons. Methods A case study was conducted on the floating and rescuing situations of 22 survivors of seafloor caused by Tropical Storm “Tian-mo” in 2001 to understand the life-saving situation of persons in distress. Results 22 survivors were floating at sea with simple floats (26.9 ± 5.3) h without lifesaving communication equipment and life-saving rations. 4 cases (18.2%) of minor trauma when falling to the sea, 22 cases (10%) of skin abrasions when floating and 5 cases (22.7%) being attacked by marine organisms. 19 cases were survived by helicopter, 3 cases were guided by helicopter and rescued after being rescued, and recovered after being rescued. Conclusion Seafarers should conduct basic lifesaving education and training at sea, prepare necessary life-saving communication equipment and life rations. Search and rescue at sea process, to achieve rapid response, search and rescue space is reasonable, adequate medical preparation.